Pentoxifylline

When ATH:
C04AD03

Characteristic

Production of purine. The white crystalline powder, water-soluble.

Pharmacological action.
Antiagregatine, improves microcirculation, angioprotektivnoe, vasodilator.

Application.

Violation of peripheral blood circulation (incl. occlusive disease, diabetic angiopathy, Raynaud's disease); atherosclerotic angiopathy, and circulatory, angionejropatija; trophic tissue disorders (incl. phlebeurysm, leg sores, gangrene, chilblain, post-thrombotic syndrome); cerebrovascular accident (the effects of cerebral arteriosclerosis, such as reduced concentration, dizziness, memory impairment), ischemic and post stroke status; poor circulation in the retina and choroid; otosclerosis, degenerative changes in the background of vascular pathology of the inner ear and hearing loss.

Contraindications.

Hypersensitivity, incl. other methylxanthine derivatives (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine), hemorrhagic stroke, massive bleeding, extensive retinal hemorrhage, acute myocardial infarction, pregnancy, lactation.

For i / v administration (additionally): arrhythmia, expressed atherosclerosis of the coronary or cerebral arteries, uncontrolled hypotension.

Restrictions apply.

BP lability (a tendency to hypotension), congestive heart failure, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, impairment of renal function (clearance <30 ml / min), severe liver dysfunction, recently undergone surgery, increased tendency to bleeding, Age to 18 years (Safety and efficacy have not been determined).

Pregnancy and breast-feeding.

Contraindicated in pregnancy.

Category actions result in FDA - C. (The study of reproduction in animals has revealed adverse effects on the fetus, and adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have not held, However, the potential benefits, associated with drugs in pregnant, may justify its use, in spite of the possible risk.)

At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding (It passes into breast milk).

Side effects.

From the nervous system and sensory organs: headache, dizziness, anxiety, sleep disturbance, convulsions, visual disturbances, scotoma; very rarely-aseptic meningitis.

Cardio-vascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): tachycardia, kardialgija, arrhythmia, progression of angina, low blood pressure, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, fibrinopenia.

From the digestive tract: dry mouth, decreased appetite, bowel atony, aggravation cholecystitis, cholestatic hepatitis, increase in liver enzymes (IS, GOLD, Alkaline phosphatase, LDH).

For the skin and subcutaneous fat: facial flushing, flushing and upper chest, swelling, increased brittleness of nails.

Allergic reactions: itch, facial flushing, hives, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

Pill further: a feeling of pressure and fullness in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

Cooperation.

Pentoxifylline is able to enhance the effect of funds, lowering blood pressure (ACE inhibitors, nitrates). It may increase the effects of drugs, influencing blood clotting (indirect and direct anticoagulants, thrombolytics), antibiotics (incl. cephalosporins). Cimetidine increases the concentration in plasma pentoxifylline (the risk of side effects). Co-administration with other xanthines may cause excessive nervous excitement. Glucose-lowering effect of insulin or oral antidiabetic agents may be enhanced when taking pentoxifylline (an increased risk of hypoglycaemia, strict control of the state of such patients). In some patients, the simultaneous reception of pentoxifylline and theophylline may result in increased levels of theophylline in the blood and increased side effects of theophylline.

Overdose.

Symptoms: weakness, dizziness, decrease in blood pressure, feeling the tides, drowsiness or agitation, disturbance of consciousness, convulsions.

Treatment: gastric lavage, appointment of activated carbon, anticonvulsants, maintaining vital functions.

Dosing and Administration.

Inside, the initial dose: 600 mg/day 2-3 reception; With the improvement of switching to maintenance doses: by 100 mg 3 once a day; Course of treatment is 2-3 weeks or more.

B /, B / A, / m. The dosage and treatment regimen set individually.

Precautions.

Treatment should be under the control of blood pressure.

In patients with diabetes, taking hypoglycemic agents, the appointment of large doses can cause pronounced hypoglycemia (Dosage adjustment).

When assigning simultaneously with anticoagulants should be carefully monitored for indicators of blood coagulation system.

Patients, recently underwent surgery, requires systematic monitoring of the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit.

The dose administered must be reduced in patients with low and unstable blood pressure.

Older people may require a dose reduction (increased bioavailability and reduced clearance rate).

Smoking may reduce the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.

Compatible solution with pentoxifylline infusion solution should be checked in each case. During the I / infusion the patient should be supine.

Cooperation