Lozartan

When ATH:
C09CA01

Characteristic.

Losartan potassium is white or almost white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, poorly soluble in organic solvents (acetonitrile and MEK). Molecular weight 461,01.

Pharmacological action.
Antigipertenzivnoe.

Application.

Arterial hypertension; congestive heart failure (in a combination therapy, in case of intolerance or failure of therapy with ACE inhibitors); reducing the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy; protection of renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 proteinuria to reduce proteinuria, reduce the progression of kidney damage, reduce the risk of end-stage (prevent the need for dialysis, the probability of increasing the level of serum creatinine).

Contraindications.

Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation.

Restrictions apply.

Childhood (safety and effectiveness in children have not identified).

Pregnancy and breast-feeding.

Contraindicated in pregnancy.

Category actions result in FDA - C (I trimester). (The study of reproduction in animals has revealed adverse effects on the fetus, and adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have not held, However, the potential benefits, associated with drugs in pregnant, may justify its use, in spite of the possible risk.)

Category actions result in FDA - D (II and III trimesters).

At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding.

Side effects.

From the nervous system and sensory organs: ≥ 1% dizziness, asthenia / utomlenie, headache, insomnia; <1% - Anxiety, sleep disturbance, drowsiness, memory disorders, peripheral neuropathy, paresthesia, gipesteziya, migraine, tremor, ataxia, depression, syncope, tinnitus, taste disturbance, vision changes, conjunctivitis.

From the respiratory system: ≥ 1% of nasal congestion, cough, upper respiratory tract infection (fever, sore throat and other.), sinusopatiя, sinusitis, pharyngitis; <1% - Dyspnoea, bronchitis, rhinitis.

From the digestive tract: ≥ 1% of nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain; <1% - Anorexia, dry mouth, toothache, vomiting, flatulence, gastritis, constipation.

On the part of the musculoskeletal system: ≥ 1% of convulsions, myalgia, backache, Chest, legs; <1% -arthralgia, shoulder pain, slaughter, arthritis, fibromyalgia.

Cardio-vascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): <1% is orthostatic reactions (dose-related), gipotenziya, heartbeat, Rituals- or bradycardia, Arrhythmia, angina, anemia.

With the genitourinary system: <1% — peremptory craving to urination, urinary tract infection, impairment of renal function, the weakening of the libido, impotence.

For the skin: <1% - Dry skin, эritema, flushing, photosensitivity, increased perspiration, alopecia.

Allergic reactions: <1% - Urticaria, rash, itch, angioedema, incl. person, lips, throat and / or tongue.

Other: ≥ 1% hyperkalemia; <1% -fever, gout, increased liver transaminases and bilirubin in the blood.

Cooperation.

Strengthens (mutually) effect of other antihypertensives (diuretics, beta-blockers, simpatolitikov). It increases the risk of hyperkalemia when combined with potassium-sparing diuretics and potassium supplements.

There was no any clinically significant drug interactions with hydrochlorothiazide, digoksinom, nepryamыmy anticoagulants, cimetidine, fenoʙarʙitalom, ketoconazole and erythromycin. During simultaneous reception with rifampicin and fluconazole was observed reduction in the active metabolite of losartan potassium. The clinical implications of this phenomenon are not known.

Overdose.

Symptoms: gipotenziya, changes in heart rate (tachycardia or bradycardia, due to the excitation of the vagus nerve).

Treatment: Forced diuresis, simptomaticheskaya therapy. Hemodialysis nyeeffyektivyen.

Dosing and Administration.

Inside, adult, regardless of the meal, 1 once a day.

When hypertension is 50 mg, if necessary, may gradually increase the dose (in some cases, up to a maximum daily — 100 mg), against the background of the dehydration initial dose 25 mg.

In chronic heart failure — 12,5 mg, with a gradual increase in 2 Phase (through 1 weeks — to 25 mg and 1 Sun - 50 mg) to the usual maintenance dose 50 mg.

Precautions.

Patients with liver disease (especially in cirrhosis), incl. history, should be prescribed lower doses. Be wary of bilateral renal artery stenosis or renal artery stenosis sole kidney (increased risk of renal dysfunction), with moderate or severe renal impairment, Congestive heart failure, patients with dehydration (likely development simptomaticheskoy gipotenzii) or hyponatremia.