Theophylline
When ATH:
R03DA04
Characteristic.
The white crystalline powder, slightly soluble in cold water (1:180), easy-in hot (1:85), soluble in acids and alkalis.
Pharmacological action.
Spasmolytic, bronchodilator, antiasthmatic, vazodilatirtee, cardiotonic, diuretic.
Application.
Bronchial asthma, asthmatic status, obstructive bronchitis, emphysema, apnea in newborns (adjuvant).
Contraindications.
Hypersensitivity, incl. other xanthine derivatives (caffeine, pentoxifylline, theobromine), hemorrhagic stroke, retinal hemorrhage, acute myocardial infarction, expressed atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, bleeding in the recent history, pregnancy, lactation.
Side effects.
Anxiety, disturbance of consciousness, convulsions, visual disturbances, scotoma, angina, Arrhythmia, tachycardia, hypotension, laringit, sore throat, flu-like symptoms, nasal congestion, xerostomia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, aggravation cholecystitis, cholestatic hepatitis, increased concentration of liver enzymes (IS, GOLD, Alkaline phosphatase, LDH), bowel atony, leukopenia, fibrinopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, allergic reactions.
Cooperation.
Cimetidine, allopurinol, cyclosporin A, macrolide antibiotics, oral contraceptives, influenza serum, a diet low in protein and high-carbohydrate-reduced clearance and increase the risk of side effects.
Phenobarbital, phenytoin, ksantinы, all — biotransformatia accelerate (induce hepatic microsomal enzymes). Beta-blockers reduce the bronchodilator activity. Adsorbents, enveloping means, antacids, oxidants slow down the absorption and reducyruut Cmax, and oschelacivate substance-increase. It enhances the effects of diuretics, reduces-NSAIDS (from the group consisting of pyrazolone derivatives), beta-blockers, probenecid.
Overdose.
Symptoms: ažitaciâ, confusion, convulsions, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypotension, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting with blood, giperglikemiâ, kaliopenia, metabolic acidosis.
Treatment: appointment of activated carbon, bowel irrigation combination of polyethylene glycol and salts; When expressed nausea and vomiting — metoclopramide or ondansetron (I /), convulsions-benzodiazepines, phenobarbital (or thiopental sodium) and peripheral muscle relaxants; Optionally gemoperfuzia.
Dosing and Administration.
Inside, after eating adult (neretardnye form) is 0.1-0.2 g 2-4 times a day. Higher single and daily doses are 0,4 and 1,2 g respectively. Babies: from 2 to 4 years-0.01-0.04 g, 5-6 years-0.04-0.06 g, 7-9 years-0.05-0.075 g, 10-14 years-0.05-0.1 g per reception.
Precautions.
Treatment retard forms produced during periodic monitoring the concentration of drug in the blood (should not exceed 20 ug / ml).
