Rectectomy – Colorectal resection

Description resection of the rectum

Colon resection – surgery to remove part of the colon. Performed to remove a damaged or diseased part of the colon.

When the line is assigned to resection guts?

This surgery is performed to treat a variety of diseases, including the following::

• Kolorektalynыy cancer;
• Diverticular disease – colon wall formed small cavity;
• Inflammatory bowel disease (eg, colitis, Crohn's disease);
• Intestinal blockage;
• Bowel injury;
• Precancerous polyps, especially when the family polyposis;
• The hole in the wall of the intestine or the presence of dead tissue of the intestine;
• Bleeding from the rectum.

When colon cancer is to remove the entire purpose of contracting cancer of the. If you have a precancerous condition, the operation, perhaps, prevent cancer. If you had surgery due to other diseases, successful operation easier or improve the symptoms.

Possible complications of resection of the rectum

Before, how to perform a resection of the rectum, you need to know about possible complications, which may include:

• Damage to other organs or structures;
• Infection;
• Bleeding;
• Hernia, emerging at the incision site;
• Blood clots;
• Complications from general anesthesia;
• Intestinal obstruction due to development of scar tissue.

Some factors, that may increase the risk of complications, include:

• The presence of neurological, heart or lung disease;
• Age: senior 70 years;
• Obesity;
• Smoking;
• Previous abdominal surgery or radiation therapy;
• Infection;
• Diabetes.

How is the resection of the rectum?

Preparation for the procedure

Your doctor, probably, appoint the following survey:

• Medical checkup;
• Blood tests;
• Ultrasonography of the abdomen – test, which uses sound waves to visualize the inside of the abdominal cavity;
• X-ray life, after administration of barium and / or barium enema;
• CT scan – such as X-rays, which uses computer, to take pictures inside the body;
• MRI scan – test, which uses magnetic waves, to take pictures inside the body;
• Colonoscopy from biopsiej samples – visual inspection and removal of tissue inside of the large intestine using a flexible tube with a camera and lighting equipment at the end of.

Before surgery:

• Talk to your doctor about the drugs taken. You may be asked to stop taking certain medicines a week before the procedure,:
  • Aspirin or other anti-inflammatory drugs;
  • Blood thinners, such as clopidogrel or warfarin;
• Drink, at least, eight glasses of fluid a day;
• Your doctor may prescribe a special diet for several days before surgery;
• Wear comfortable clothes, do not hold down movement;
• Your colon must be completely cleaned before the procedure. To cleanse can be used a variety of methods – enema, laxatives, and a liquid diet. This will help in the complete emptying of the colon. This preparation may start several days before the procedure,;
• The doctor may prescribe antibiotics before the procedure;
• Do not eat or drink in the evening and after midnight on the day of the procedure;
• Maybe, you need to take a shower the night before the surgery using antibacterial soap;
• We need to organize a trip for the operation of the hospital and back;
• Organize home care in the first days after the procedure.

Anesthesia

At step used general anesthesia. During the operation, the patient is asleep.

Procedure resection of the rectum

The operation can be performed either using a laparoscope or by standard methods of public. The following describes the standard open approach.

The doctor makes an incision in the skin over the area of ​​the intestine, which must be removed. The cut will pass through skin and muscle, to reach the inside of the abdominal cavity. Part of the intestine, to be deleted, clamped on both sides. The affected area is cut out and then the intestine will be removed. The free ends of the intestine will be sewn together. Sometimes the stomach can be inserted soft tube, to suck fluid accumulates.

If the procedure was done at the grave condition of the patient, or, if the doctor decides, that the intestine needs time, to recover, may require colostomy. In this procedure, the stomach will be created in an artificial opening – fatigue. One or both ends of the intestine will be attached to it. This allows waste (fekaliyam) out of the intestine through a stoma. They're going to bag, attachable to the stoma. Colostomy can be left for a few months, at the time of healing of the intestine.

When the intestine has healed properly, It is another operation. The ends of the intestine are sewn at the same time, fatigue closes.

If the majority of colon was removed, You need to have a permanent colostomy.

The muscles and skin of the abdomen will be closed stitches or surgical staples. In place of the operation is superimposed sterile dressing. If you have a colostomy, It will be attached to a bag to collect feces.

Immediately after treatment

The removed tissue will be sent to a lab for examination. The patient was transferred to the recovery room for monitoring reactions to the surgery and anesthesia.

How long will the resection of the rectum?

About 1-4 hours.

Will it hurt?

Anesthesia will prevent pain during the procedure. It may be given pain medication, to reduce pain after surgery.

The average hospital stay

Usually the duration of stay of 5-7 days. The doctor can extend the period, If there are complications.

Caring for a patient after resection of the rectum

In the hospital

• You may need to take antibiotics. You may also need medicine for nausea and pain;
• Within a few days it may require nasogastric. It is used, to remove fluid from the intestine;
• The intestine will require some time, to begin to function normally again. First, power is supplied through an IV (through the needle into the arm). After improvement and further appointed the liquid light diet, followed by a transition to a normal diet;
• If you have a colostomy or ileostomy, on the outside of your body will be attached bag to collect feces. During the first few days after surgery, you may be limited in food;
• You will wear boots or special socks to help prevent blood clots;
• It is recommended to use an incentive spirometer, breathe deeply and cough frequently. This will improve lung function;
• Place the cut from time to time will be studied for signs of infection.

Home Care

Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions.

If you have a colostomy:

• The specialized nurse will teach you, how to care for the stoma and change the bag to collect waste;
• We need to ask the doctor about, when it is safe to shower, bathe, or to expose the surgical site to water;
• It is necessary to consult with your doctor or pharmacist about the medication;
• Do not use laxatives, because the chair in the presence of a colostomy, usually, enough liquid;
• Drink eight glasses of fluid every day – a large amount of fluid comes out with a chair;
• You have to observe the rules of skin care area around the stoma. This will help to prevent inflammation and infection;
• You can join a support group or seek advice, to help adapt to life with a colostomy.

Contact your doctor after resection of the rectum

After returning home, you need to see a doctor, If the following symptoms:

• Krasnoja, naʙuxanie, increase in pain, excessive bleeding, exudation, or bulging at the incision site;
• Nausea and / or vomiting, which do not disappear after taking the prescribed medicines, and persist for more than two days after discharge from the hospital;
• Severe abdominal pain;
• Symptoms of infection, including fever and chills;
• Cough, shortness of breath or chest pain;
• Pain and / or heaviness in the legs, calves or feet;
• Pain, burning, frequent urination or persistent bleeding in the urine;
• Blood in the stool or black stool;
• Diarrhea;
• The feeling of weakness or dizziness;
• If you have a colostomy:
  • Not going to a chair in a bag;
  • The skin around the stoma appears irritated, skin becomes wet, red, swollen, or developing ulcers.