Description BPH
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (DGPŽ) – увеличение размера предстательной железы (Prostate). Простата – железа размером с грецкий орех, located on the neck of the bladder. It surrounds the urethra. Iron is part of the male reproductive system. Increased prostate cancer not associated with.
The reasons for increasing the size of the prostate
The exact cause of BPH is unknown. It is assumed that this may be due to changes in hormone levels with age. Eventually becomes so enlarged prostate, that exerts pressure on the urethra. This leads to a narrowing or blockage of the urethra.
Risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Risk factors increase the likelihood of prostate adenoma. The main risk factor for BPH is age over 50 years.
Symptoms of BPH
Symptoms of BPH causes constriction of urethra, caused by the growth of the prostate. The severity of symptoms usually increases over time.
Symptoms include:
- Pain with urination;
- A weak flow of urine;
- Dribbling of urine after urination;
- The feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
- Frequent urination, especially at night;
- Discomfort in the lower abdomen;
- Urinary incontinence.
Diagnosis of prostate adenoma
BPH diagnosis is made by:
- The patient's age;
- Symptoms of the disorder;
- Пальцевого ректального исследования – доктор вставляет палец в перчатке в прямую кишку, to explore the area of the prostate.
Other tests may include:
- Research urination;
- Cystometrogram (functional study of bladder);
- Рентген мочевыводящих путей;
- Transrectal ultrasonography;
- Determining the degree of voiding;
- Цистоскопия – тест позволяет врачу исследовать уретру и мочевой пузырь изнутри.
- Testing for prostate specific antigen (PSA) It is often used to detect prostate cancer. Nonetheless, BPH can also lead to a decrease in PSA. This may cause false suspicions about the presence of cancer.
Treatment of BPH
For mild cases of treatment of prostate adenoma is not required. However, most men, BPH, may require medical intervention.
Treatment of BPH include:
Medication
Drugs, for treating BPH include:
- Inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase (finasteride, dutasterid) – эти препараты принимают для снижения симптомов, such as frequent urination and difficulty beginning to urinate;
- Alpha-blockers (eg, tamsulozin, alьfuzozin, doksazozin, terazosin) – препараты, taken to relax the bladder and increase urine flow;
- Antimuscarinics (oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine, darifenaцin, trospyy, fesoterodine) – препараты помогают расслабить мышцы мочевого пузыря, which helps to reduce frequent urination;
- An inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase-5 (tadalafil [Cialis]) – препарат для лечения эректильной дисфункции может снизить симптомы ДГПЖ;
- Attention: You should not take tadalafil together with nitrate medications (eg, nitroglycerin), since blood pressure may become dangerously low. Besides, tadalafil should not be taken in combination with an alpha-blocker.
Each group of medicines have different side effects. Enzyme inhibitors may cause decreased sexual desire and problems with erection. Alpha-blockers may cause decreased blood pressure, dizziness, nasal congestion. Antimuscarinic drugs can cause dry mouth, constipation, dry eyes, problems emptying the bladder, perplexity.
If you have BPH, you should not take decongestants drugs, containing alpha-agonists (eg, Pseudoephedrine). These drugs can worsen the symptoms of BPH.
Minimally invasive interventions
They are used, when drugs are ineffective, but the patient is not ready for operation. Nonsurgical treatment includes:
- Трансуретральная микроволновая термотерапия – использует микроволны, to destroy excess prostate tissue;
- Трансуретральная игольчатая абляция – использует низкие уровни радиочастотной энергии, to cauterize the part of the enlarged prostate;
- Трансуретральная лазерная терапия – для удаления лишней ткани простаты используется узконаправленный лазер.
Prostate surgery
Surgical procedures include:
- Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) – через пенис вводятся специальные инструменты, to remove the enlarged portion of the prostate;
- Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUYP) – в шейке мочевого пузыря делаются небольшие разрезы, that allows you to expand the urethra;
- Открытые операции для удаления расширенной части предстательной железы через разрез – как правило, performed through an incision in the lower abdomen and much more invasive than the TOUR or TUIP;
- Стентирование простаты – в мочеиспускательный канал вставляются крошечные металлические кольца, to expand and maintain it open;
- Usually used for men, who do not want to take medicine or perform surgery;
- It is not a long-term treatment.
Alternative methods of treatment of prostate adenoma
Herbal products, which have been studied as a possible treatment for BPH include:
- Экстракт пальмы сереноа – иногда прием препарата позволяет уменьшить симптомы аденомы простаты;
- Бета-ситостерин – некоторые исследования показывают, that his technique can help reduce the symptoms;
- African plum (Pygeum) – некоторые исследователи предполагают, that supplementation reduces symptoms.
If you were diagnosed with BPH, Follow your doctor's instructions.
Prevention of prostate adenoma
Prostate enlargement occurs naturally with age. There is no specific prevention of disorder.