Salbutamol (When ATH R03AC02)

When ATH:
R03AC02

Pharmacological action.
Bronchodilator, tokoliticheskoe.

Application.

Prevention and relief of bronchospasm in bronchial asthma, symptomatic treatment of bronchial obstruction syndrome (chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and others.), nocturnal asthma (long-acting tablet form); prevention of premature births.

Contraindications.

Hypersensitivity, CHD, arterial hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, impairment of renal function, I trimester of pregnancy.

Side effects.

Dizziness, headache, tachycardia (during pregnancy - in mother and fetus), arrhythmia, gipotenziya, myocardial ischemia, heart failure, kardiopatija, pulmonary edema (possible death), redness of the face, excitation, distal tremor, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, loss of appetite, strangury, Sweating, increase in blood glucose, free fatty acids, kaliopenia, allergic reactions such as erythema, facial edema, difficulty breathing, the development of physical and psychic drug dependence.

Cooperation.

It increases the activity of the central nervous system stimulants, cardiotropic thyroid hormones. Theophylline and ephedrine potentiate toxic effects. Corticosteroids, PG synthesis inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants and MAO blockers increase the risk of cardiovascular complications, means for inhalation anesthesia and levodopa - severe ventricular arrhythmias. Reduces the effectiveness of beta-blockers (including ophthalmic form), antihypertensive agents, antianginal effect of nitrates. It increases the likelihood of glycoside intoxication.

Overdose.

Symptoms: tachycardia, ventricular flutter, expansion of peripheral vascular, decrease in blood pressure, increased cardiac output, anoxemia, Acidosis, kaliopenia, giperglikemiâ, muscle tremors, headache, excitation, hallucinations etc.. psychotic disorders.

Treatment: removal of the drug and symptomatic therapy; appointment of beta-blockers (selective), in patients with asthma requires extreme caution because of the risk of severe bronchospastic reactions.

Dosing and Administration.

Inhalation in the form of metered aerosol, and dry powders for inhalation. For edema beginning attack suffocation inhaled dose 1-2. In the absence of effect in 5 min can be repeated inhalation. Subsequent inhalations are performed at intervals of 4-6 hours (a maximum of 6 once a day). For regular use - 1-2 inhalations 2-4 times / day (in particular, to improve the penetration of basic anti-asthma drugs to the distal parts of the bronchial tree - 15–20 minutes before inhalation of sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil sodium or inhaled glucocorticoid); prevention of bronchospasm - 15–20 minutes before contact with frosty air. During a severe attack the inhalation solution can be introduced using a variety of designs nebulizers for 5-15 min, interval between inhalations - 4 no. Inside, as an aid to the ineffectiveness of inhaled forms, by 1 Table. 3-4 Times daily; prolonged forms - by 1 Table. overnight or at 1 Table. in the morning and in the evening. With the threat of miscarriage - inside by 1 Table. (4 mg) every 2-3 hours, then for 2 days - until 1 Table. every 4 no, in the coming days — on 1 Table. through 6 no, within a few days, until the complete cessation of uterine contractions.

Precautions.

To improve the effectiveness of therapy the patient should be trained in the proper use of the inhaler and the beginning of treatment to use an inhaler under medical supervision. High doses of salbutamol during exacerbation of asthma causes, that each subsequent attack becomes more intense suffocation previous (a syndrome of "rebound"). In severe asthma attacks break between inhalations should not be less than 20 m. In the absence of a minimum effect from inhalation or appearance of pronounced tremor, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias further uncontrolled use of the inhaler contraindicated and must be access to a doctor. The risk of complications increases as the duration of treatment with significant, and with a sharp lifting of the drug.

Cautions.

When using aerosol dosage must be clear that the following instructions: Shake aerosol spray before each use, precise synchronization of breaths and drug receipts, maximum depth, intense and long enough breath, holding your breath after inhalation of the drug on 10 from. Patients, that is difficult to correct breathing maneuver, It recommended to use the drug for inhalation special adaptations (spacers), increasing tidal volume and smoothing inaccuracies asynchronous breaths.

Cooperation