Description of thyroid cancer
Рак щитовидной железы – образование раковых клеток в щитовидной железе. This gland is located in front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones. Thyroid Tumors cancer is often manifested in the form of nodules in the neck. In most cases, thyroid tumors are not cancerous. Nonetheless, some of them are cancerous and can spread throughout the body.
There are several types of thyroid cancer, including:
- Papillyarnыy cancer (the most common type) – опухоль обычно растет очень медленно и часто распространяется на лимфатические узлы в области шеи. When detected at an early stage, this type of thyroid cancer can be cured;
- Follikulârnaâ cancer (the second most common type of cancer) – опухоль обычно растет только в щитовидной железе, очень редко может распространиться на другие части тела – легкие и кости. Follicular carcinoma usually does not extend to the lymph nodes. When detected at an early stage, this type of thyroid cancer generally is curable;
- Anaplastičeskaâ cancer (a rare form of thyroid cancer) – опухоль быстро проникает в шею и другие части тела и нередко приводит к смерти;
- Cerebral (medullary) thyroid cancer (MPMS) – этот рак развивается из С-клеток щитовидной железы. MTC often spreads to the lymph nodes, lungs, the liver directly to the detection of thyroid cancer. There are two types of MTC:
- Sporadic MTC;
- Family medullary thyroid cancer (SMRŜŽ);
- Lymphoma of the thyroid gland (a rare type of thyroid cancer) – возникает у лиц, bolynыh tireoiditom Hashimoto.
Causes of thyroid cancer
Causes of thyroid cancer is unknown.
Risk factors for thyroid cancer
Factors, which increases the risk of thyroid cancer:
- A diet low in iodine;
- Radiation therapy to the head, neck or chest, especially in infancy or childhood;
- A family history of thyroid cancer;
- Paul: female;
- Age: 30 and older;
- Exposure to radioactive materials (eg, exposure to radiation from nuclear accidents or accommodation in the region of the nuclear test site).
Symptoms of thyroid cancer
The symptoms of thyroid cancer include:
- Tumors in the neck;
- Pain in the neck (sometimes it comes to the ears);
- Hoarseness;
- Difficulty swallowing;
- Labored breathing;
- Persistent cough;
- Extended lymph nodes in the neck.
Diagnosis of thyroid cancer
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, perform a physical examination, which includes examination of the neck, to find tumors.
Your doctor may order the following tests:
- Needle biopsy of the thyroid gland;
- Blood test;
- X-ray examination of the thyroid gland;
- US;
- A biopsy of the thyroid gland.
Treatment of thyroid cancer
Once detected, thyroid cancer, appointed Tests, allowing to determine the extent of its spread. Treatment options include:
- Тиреоидэктомия – удаление всей или части щитовидной железы;
- Лечение радиоактивным йодом – используются большие дозы радиоактивного йода, to destroy the cancer cells of the thyroid gland, without affecting other organs;
- Внешняя лучевая терапия – излучение направляется на опухоль из источников за пределами тела;
If diagnosed with thyroid cancer, Follow your doctor's instructions.
Prevention of thyroid cancer
Because the exact cause of thyroid cancer is unknown, обнаружение и лечение заболевания на ранних стадиях – лучший способ предотвратить смерь от этой болезни. The doctor may recommend a different screening tests:
- Проведение осмотра щитовидной железы каждые три года – для лиц в возрасте 20-39 years;
- Проведение осмотра щитовидной железы каждый год – для лиц в возрасте от 40 and older.
Since radiation exposure is a major risk factor for thyroid cancer, necessary:
- Avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation;
- When exposed to radiation in the region of the head, neck or chest, you need to take frequent examinations for early detection of thyroid cancer.