Increased head circumference; Macrocephaly
Macrocephaly is a medical term, used to describe an abnormally large head circumference. Although the term is often used interchangeably with "megalocephaly", which refers to the increased size of the brain, macrocephaly can be caused by many factors, including increased amounts of fluid or other substances in the skull, or simply having more, than average head size.
Macrocephaly is usually diagnosed in infants and young children.. In some cases, it may be present at birth., while others may develop over time. It is important to note, that macrocephaly by itself does not necessarily indicate disease.
There are a number of factors, which may contribute to the development of macrocephaly:
The primary symptom of macrocephaly is an abnormally large head circumference.. However, this in itself does not necessarily indicate a disease.. Other symptoms may include:
If you notice, that your child's head circumference is larger than average or has any of the above symptoms, it is important to contact your child's doctor. It can help determine, whether further testing or treatment is required.
If you bring your child to the doctor with concerns about macrocephaly, he can ask different questions, to help determine the root cause. Some questions, which they can ask, include:
The diagnosis of macrocephaly usually includes a physical examination to measure the circumference of the child's head and evaluate any other neurological symptoms.. The health worker may also ask about family history, milestones and any other diseases or surgeries, carried by the child.
If further evaluation is needed, imaging studies may be ordered to assess the condition of the brain and skull, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Blood tests may also be ordered to check for genetic disorders or other underlying medical conditions..
Treatment for macrocephaly will depend on the underlying cause. In some cases, treatment may not be required, if macrocephaly is not associated with any other diseases.
If the cause of macrocephaly is hydrocephalus or benign external hydrocephalus, treatment may include a shunt to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain.
If the cause of macrocephaly is craniosynostosis, surgery may be required to correct premature fusion of the skull bones.
If the cause of macrocephaly is a tumor, treatment may include surgery to remove the tumor or radiation therapy.
In cases, when macrocephaly is caused by a genetic disorder, treatment may include ongoing monitoring and supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
There is no specific home treatment for macrocephaly.. However, it is important to follow all treatment plans, doctor's appointment, and attend subsequent appointments, to monitor the baby's head size and overall health.
If your child is experiencing headaches or other discomfort, associated with macrocephaly, over-the-counter pain relievers may be recommended, such as acetaminophen. Always check with your child's doctor, before giving any medication.
Since macrocephaly can be caused by various causes, there is no definite way to prevent it. However, early detection and treatment of any underlying conditions can help prevent complications and manage symptoms..
It is important to regularly undergo preventive examinations of the child with the attending physician., to follow its growth and development. If you have any concerns about your child's head size or any other symptoms, do not hesitate to contact your doctor.
Bamba V, Kelly A. Assessment of growth. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Bloom NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 27.
Mitchell AL. Congenital abnormalities. Disorders in head shape and size. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff and Martin’s Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 30.
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