Spots on the skin: What's it, causes, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, prevention

Patches

Spots on the skin: What's it?

Пятна на коже – это участки, which differ in color, texture or appearance from surrounding tissue. They may be flat., convex, rough or smooth. Spots can occur for a variety of reasons and can be the result of various skin conditions and diseases.. In this article, we will look at the reasons, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of skin spots.

Causes of spots on the skin

Spots on the skin can be caused by a variety of reasons.:

• Pigmentation: Uneven distribution of melanin pigment can lead to darker or lighter patches..
• sunburn: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays can cause red or brown spots..
• Allergic reactions: Contact with allergens, like plants, chemicals or food, can lead to allergic spots on the skin.
• Infection: Various skin infections, such as fungal or bacterial, can cause spots with various symptoms, including itching, redness and peeling.
• Skin diseases: Some skin diseases, eg, eczema, psoriasis, deprive and others, can cause characteristic spots.

Symptoms of spots on the skin

The symptoms of skin spots can vary depending on their cause.:

• Color change: The patches may be darker or lighter than the surrounding skin..
• Peeling: Some spots may be dry and flaky.
• Redness: Inflamed patches may become red and itchy.
• Convex: Some patches may be raised or uneven..
• Itch: The appearance of itching in the area of ​​​​the spots may indicate inflammation or an allergic reaction..

If you notice any spots on your skin, pay attention to accompanying symptoms and it is recommended to consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

When to See a Doctor and Questions to Ask a Doctor

If spots on the skin cause concern or are accompanied by unpleasant symptoms, such as itching, redness or rashes, should immediately consult a doctor. Your doctor may ask you the following questions:

• When did you notice the spots?
• Do you have food allergies, drugs or substances?
• Has the color changed, the size or shape of the spots over time?
• Do you feel itching or discomfort in the area of ​​the spots?
• Have you had contact with new chemicals or plants?

Diagnosis of spots on the skin

Diagnosis of spots on the skin begins with a visual examination by a doctor.. He may also ask additional questions about your medical history., lifestyle and exposure to allergens or irritants.

If necessary, the doctor may prescribe additional studies:

• skin biopsy: A tissue sample may be taken for laboratory analysis..
• Allergy tests: To detect allergic reactions to various substances.
• Blood tests: To check for an infection or allergic reaction.

Treatment for skin spots

Treatment for skin spots depends on their cause and nature.. Effective treatment requires accurate diagnosis and approach, aimed at eliminating the underlying disease or condition, causing spots. It is important to consult a qualified physician for specific advice and appropriate therapy..

Depending on the diagnosis, Your doctor may suggest the following treatments:

• Anti-inflammatory agents: They can help reduce inflammation, redness and itching, which often accompany spots on the skin.
• Antihistamines: For allergic skin reactions, antihistamines can help reduce itching and inflammation..
• antifungals: For fungal infections, causing spots, the use of antifungal agents may be necessary.
• Corticosteroid creams and ointments: They can be used to reduce inflammation and itching in certain skin conditions..
• Laser therapy: In some cases, laser treatment can help improve the appearance of the skin and reduce pigmentation..
• Physiotherapy: Depending on the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe physiotherapy procedures to improve skin condition.

It is important to follow your doctor's advice and not try to treat skin blemishes on your own., especially if the cause is unknown. Improper treatment can worsen the situation or lead to complications.

Skin blemish treatment at home

For minor skin changes, that do not require medical intervention, you can take the following steps:

• Skin hydration: Regular use of moisturizers or natural oils will help maintain healthy skin and reduce dryness..
• Avoidance of stimuli: Avoid contact with chemicals, which may cause irritation or an allergic reaction.
• Sun protection: Use UV protection, to prevent increased pigmentation and inflammation.
• Nutrition and hydration: Proper nutrition and adequate water intake support overall skin health.

It must be remembered, that home remedies can only be effective for minor changes in the skin. If the spots do not disappear or get worse, you should consult a doctor for a more accurate diagnosis and prescribing adequate treatment.

Prevention of spots on the skin

To prevent spots on the skin, it is recommended:

• Use sunscreen when going outside and avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
• Maintain proper skin hygiene and avoid overuse of harsh cosmetic products.
• Avoid contact with known allergens and irritants.
• Monitor the condition of the skin and if new spots appear or existing spots change, consult a doctor.

It is important to remember, that skin health is an important part of overall body health, and in case of any changes on the skin, it is recommended to consult a specialist.

Used sources and literature

Brownell I, Loomis CA, Koss T. Skin development and maintenance. In: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, eds. Dermatology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 2.

Gawkrodger DJ, Ardern-Jones MR. Terminology of skin lesions. In: Gawkrodger DJ, Ardern-Jones MR, eds. Dermatology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 7.