Pancreatitis: what is this, the cause of the, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, prevention

Pancreatitis – What is this disease?

Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. In this disease pancreatic enzymes are not highlighted in the duodenum in digestion, and activated directly in the gland, destroying your own fabric.

Causes of pancreatitis

The most common causes of pancreatitis are alcohol and gall bladder pathology (in particular, jelchnokamennaya disease). Among other risk factors transferred operative interventions on the stomach or the biliary ducts, peptic ulcer, abdominal trauma, use of certain medications (female hormones, antibacterial drugs, sulfonamides), infection (viral hepatitis b and c, эpidemicheskiy mumps), parasitic infestations (askaridoz), abnormalities of pancreatic duct, changing hormonal levels, metabolic disorders, disease, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERKhPG), genetic predisposition.

Symptoms of pancreatitis

The main symptom of acute pancreatitis is severe persistent pain in the upper abdomen, that, usually, occurs after the ingestion of fatty foods. Pain has Herpes nature, can give in the left half of the torso, bad treatable pain and inflammatory drugs. Often uncontrollable vomiting, which no relief, weakness, dizziness, violation of the chair, flatulence.

For chronic pancreatitis is characterized by pain in the left or right hypochondrium, epigastric (pit) the area of different intensity, that arises or intensifies after one hour after eating. Chair becomes kashiceobraznym, contains undigested food particles, has a bold view, unpleasant smell, heavily washed out from the walls of the toilets. Appears nausea, episodic vomiting, belching, flatulence. People normally lose appetite and lost.

Diagnosis of pancreatitis

Diagnosis applied General blood analysis (identify signs of inflammation is to increase the number of cells, increased ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE, etc.), biochemical blood analysis (determine the level of activity of enzymes of the pancreas-lipase, amylase, trypsin), analysis of urine for α-amylase, fecal. Conduct an ultrasound examination of abdominal cavity organs, jezofagogastroduodenoskopiju (ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY), Endoscopic Retrograde holangiopankreatografiju (ERKhPG), abdominal x-rays.

Types of pancreatitis disease

Distinguish acute pancreatitis, Acute recurrent pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis. Forms of pancreatitis: edematous, destructive (pankreatonekroz).

Patient actions for pancreatitis

When you see the typical symptoms of pancreatitis should completely stop drinking alcohol, stick to your diet (waiver of fatty and spicy food). The occurrence of acute pancreatitis requires urgent medical care.

Treatment of pancreatitis

Patients hospitalized with pancreatitis. In acute pancreatitis should be eliminated from food and drink, that stimulate the production of enzymes the pancreas (eyebrow pencil). Fluid, nutrients administered intravenously. To remove the fluid and air in the stomach are conducting a probe, especially if nausea and vomiting persist. Prescribe narcotic and nonnarcotic analgetics (promedol, Ibuprofen, Analgin), antispasmodics (papaverine, drotaverin, mebeverine). To suppress the production of enzyme authority prescribed Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole), sometimes cytostatics (ftoruracil, cyclophosphamide), antifermentnye tools (trasilol, contrycal), vitamins (jel'kar). Treatment of acute pancreatitis also includes receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics (kanamycin, monomicin). By reducing the concentration of albumin in the blood is prescribed the introduction of colloidal solutions. In the case of reduction of hematocrit below 25% erythrocyte transfusion required mass. With the development of purulent complications resected.

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis during exacerbations includes bed rest and fasting for 2-3 days. Permitted to take only small sips of liquid in the form of weak tea, mineral water without gas, wild rose decoction or herbal tea. Patients are administered antacids (preparations based on calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate). To suppress the secretion used Proton pump inhibitors. While this necessarily applies enzyme replacement therapy drugs (pancreatin). Removing pain is achieved appointment antiholinergicakih drugs (atropyn, scopolamine) and spasmolytics, miotropnyh (papaverine, drotaverin). To prevent infection in the affected organ often used broad-spectrum antibiotics (gentamicin, ampicillin).

Complications of pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis can be compounded by pankreonekrozom, formation of false cyst of the pancreas, by the pancreas, pankreatogennym aszitom, pulmonary complications.

In chronic pancreatitis may experience failure endocrine function of the pancreas, that leads to the development of diabetes mellitus.

Prevention of pancreatitis

To prevent the disease it is necessary to abandon alcohol, timely treat diseases of the biliary tract, gastrointestinal tract, eat rationally (avoid sharp spices, fatty dishes).