Description uterine bleeding in menopause
Postmenopausal bleeding (MKM) – кровотечение из влагалища, which occurs after the cessation of menses in the menopausal. Menopause begins through 12 months after the last menstrual period, usually, aged 40 to 58 years. Any bleeding from the vagina, which occurs through 12 months after the last menstrual period, MKM considered.
When MKM should always consult your doctor. Often the cause of the bleeding is not serious. But in some cases, the MCM may be the first sign of serious diseases, such as cancer of the uterus.
Causes of uterine bleeding in menopause
MCM can be caused by several factors. These include:
- Continuous hormone replacement therapy (AFE) – Ежедневный прием низких доз эстрогена и прогестерона, for the treatment of menopausal symptoms (bleeding or spotting is a common symptom in the first year of HRT);
- Vaginal atrophy, inflammation of the vagina;
- Атрофический эндометриоз – воспаление эндометрия (endometrium);
- Гиперплазия эндометрия – утолщение эндометрия;
- Полипы – доброкачественные наросты на матке или шейке матки;
- Infection of the uterus or cervix;
- Endometrial cancer;
- Cervical cancer;
- Fibroids in the uterus or vagina.
Risk factors for uterine bleeding in menopause
The disease or medication, which may cause MCM.
Symptoms of uterine bleeding in menopause
Most noticeable blood, exiting the vagina.
MKM is a symptom of another disease. The doctor can determine, What diseases cause bleeding, and whether they are serious. In the presence of MCM need to see a doctor.
Disorders, which may be confused with MKM:
- Гематурия – наличие крови в моче;
- Bleeding from the rectum.
Diagnosis of uterine bleeding in menopause
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination.
He will appoint analyzes, to find the cause of bleeding. Tests may include:
- Гинекологический осмотр – вы будете сидеть в гинекологическом кресле, his feet on the footrests. The doctor inserts an instrument called a speculum into the vagina. It opens the vagina, and the doctor can view it in. He will be able to find changes in the walls of the vagina, polyps or tumors;
- Скрининг на рак шейки матки – врач может сделать скрининг рака шейки матки (eg, mazok Papanicolaou). This will help determine, что является источником кровотечения – шейка матки или матка;
- Трансвагинальное УЗИ – тест использует звуковые волны, allowing you to explore the pelvic organs. It will be introduced into the vagina sensor, emitting sound waves. A doctor on the monitor can see the structure of the pelvic organs;
- Соногистерография с вливанием физиологического раствора – солевой раствор (salt water) inserted into the uterus through the vagina. It fills the uterus and makes it easier to examine the lining of the uterus using a transvaginal ultrasound;
- Биопсия эндометрия – из матки удаляется образец ткани для проверки на рак;
- Гистероскопия – гистероскоп (a long, thin tube with a camera on the end) It is injected into the uterus through the vagina and cervix. The uterus is filled with carbon dioxide or liquid. At the same time the uterus slightly inflated, facilitating medical examination of its walls. At this time, your doctor may take a sample of tissue.
Treatment of uterine bleeding in menopause
The doctor will determine the best method of treatment. Основной приоритет – лечение рака. Also, the treatment will depend on the results of analyzes and causes bleeding. For Example, If the tests show signs of uterine cancer, the doctor will refer you to an oncologist (doctor, who specializes in treating cancer).
Prevention of uterine bleeding in menopause
There are no methods to prevent uterine bleeding in menopause.