Nightmares
nightmares – это интенсивные и живые сновидения, that evoke strong negative emotions in a person, such as fear, anxiety and anxiety. They often occur in the second half of the night, during REM dreaming, when the brain is active. Nightmares can be temporary and random, but in some cases they can become chronic and affect the quality of sleep and the overall psychological state of a person.
Nightmares can be visual, sound or multi-touch. Emotions, caused by nightmares, may remain active for some time after waking up, leaving the person in a state of anxiety. Often dreams, who were nightmares, can be remembered more vividly, than ordinary dreams.
Nightmares usually start before 10 years and is most often considered a normal part of childhood. They, usually, more common in girls, than boys. Nightmares can be caused, seemingly, routine events, like starting a new school, trip or mild illness of one of the parents.
Nightmares can continue into adulthood. They may be one way, how our brain copes with the stresses and fears of everyday life.
Nightmares can have many causes, and they may be associated with psychological, emotional and physiological factors:
However, it is important to understand, that the causes of nightmares can be individual for each person. Besides, nightmares may be due to a combination of several factors.
Symptoms of nightmares can vary depending on the individual., but usually include:
If nightmares begin to have a negative impact on your life and psychological state, it is important to see a doctor for further evaluation and advice. Consult with a psychologist, psychotherapist or psychiatrist, to determine the causes and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
The doctor may ask the following questions, to better understand the nature of your nightmares:
Diagnosis of nightmares includes analysis of symptoms, medical history and psychological state of the patient. Your doctor may also do an overnight sleep study., to identify factors, affecting dreams and sleep.
Treating nightmares may involve several approaches., depending on the cause and nature of the symptoms:
In addition to professional help, there are a number of methods, which you can try at home to control nightmares:
Use the following methods to prevent nightmares:
And finally, Remember, that every person is unique, and then, what suits one, may not suit others. If nightmares begin to have a negative impact on your life, do not hesitate to seek the help of a specialist for individual advice and development of a management plan.
Arnulf I. Nightmares and dream disturbances. In: Kryger M, Roth T, Goldstein CA, Dement WC, eds. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 119.
Avidan AY. Sleep and its disorders. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff’s Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 101.
Pigeon WR, Carr M. Dreams and nightmares in posttraumatic stress disorder. In: Kryger M, Roth T, Goldstein CA, Dement WC, eds. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 61.
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