Chronic cholecystitis: what is this, the cause of the, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, prevention

What is chronic cholecystitis??

Chronic cholecystitis is inflammation of the gall bladder, which has chronic, recurrent character.

Causes of chronic cholecystitis

Development of diseases associated with impaired motor-evacuation function of gallbladder, resulting in stagnation and solidification of bile. Later joins the infection and inflammation occurs. Leaving during deformation may be formed, adhesions bubble, CVIS, seam with neighbouring authorities. Chronic stagnation of bile in the gall bladder kamneobrazovaniju contribute to and, respectively, development is cholecystitis.

Contribute to disease development:

• congenital disorder of the anatomy of the gallbladder;
• hypodynamia of the bladder (lowering the tone);
• prolapse of the abdominal organs;
• diet violation (obesity, overeating, regular intake of oily, spicy food, alcoholism);
• gastrointestinal dyskinesia (Biliary) neurocirculatory;
• intestinal parasites (Amoeba, Giardia, opistorhes, askaridы);
• cholelithiasis.
• pregnancy;

Symptoms of chronic cholecystitis

The main symptom of chronic cholecystitis: moderate pain, that has a dull aching in character and is localized in the right hypochondrium. The pain can give in right shoulder, in the back under the right shoulder blade, the right half of the lumbar region. Increasing pain after taking fatty or spicy foods, alcohol, carbonated drinks. Aggravation of cholecystitis is most often preceded by disturbance of the diet, supercooling, stresses. Pain syndrome in kal'kuleznoj form chronic cholecystitis may leak type Biliary colic (strong, acute, shvatkoobraznaja pain).

In addition there is often pain burping, nausea (until the vomiting), taste of bitterness in the mouth. During periods of exacerbations, there may be a moderate increase in body temperature. Atypical symptoms of chronic cholecystitis:

• dull pain in the heart;
• abdominal distention, constipation;
• swallowing disorder (dysphagia).

Diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis

When diagnosing this disease to identify factors, to facilitate its occurrence bladder motility disorder, bile stasis, congenital and acquired defects of psoriasis bodies, helminthiasis, typical food habits.

When the laboratory study in the period of exacerbation is characterized by signs of nonspecific inflammation (leukocytosis, increased ESR in the blood). Biochemical blood analysis shows increased activity of liver enzymes.

Instrumental Diagnostics methods: ultrasound examination of abdominal cavity organs, duodenal intubation, holegrafija, holetsistografia, scintigraphy.

Chronic cholecystitis: types of disease

By the presence of gallstones, emit a form of chronic cholecystitis: kal'kuleznaja and nekal'kuleznaja (beskamennaja).

Downstream secrete: Sub-clinical (latent), often recurrent (more 2 attacks per year), rare recurrent (no more 1 attack per year, and rarer) chronic cholecystitis.

On gravity currents: light, moderate and heavy, complications and without.

Depending on functional status:

• biliary dyskinesia by hypermotor type;
• hypomotor dyskinesia;
• biliary dyskinesia, mixed type;
• non-functioning gallbladder.

Chronic cholecystitis: patient actions

Patients chronic cholecystitis must be strict compliance with special diets (No. 5 on after Pevzner is in remission, No. 5A-diet in acute). Eating produce every 3-4 hours in the small portions (fractional power), limit the intake of fatty, Fried, acute, spicy dishes, carbonated drinks, alkogol'soderzhashhih products. Forbidden to eat raw vegetables and fruits, egg yolks, products from fancy pastry, creamy and oily creams, ice cream, nuts. When friends recommended to steamed or boiled foods in the form of heat. Fruits and vegetables, authorized patients during periods of remission: dried apricots, watermelon and melon, carrot, prunes, raisins.

Treatment of chronic cholecystitis

Apply a broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs (Group of cephalosporin-Cefazolin, ceftriaxone), detoxication therapy (solutions of sodium chloride infusion, glucose, etc.), enzyme preparations (pancreatin). For pain, relieving inflammation used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, paracetamol), for relieving spasm smooth muscles bladder and ERCP appoint antispasmodics (drotaverin, mebeverina hydrochloride).

For the Elimination of bile in nekal'kuleznoj form use, contribute to increasing peristalsis of the biliary tract (Sea-buckthorn, extra virgin olive oil, magnesia), preparations, increase the secretion of bile choleretic- (allohol, holenzim, liobil, hofitol).

For treatment during periods of exacerbations of chronic uncomplicated cholecystitis prescribe herbal medicine: decoctions of herbs (Valerian, Peppermint, Daisy, Calendula).

Also applies physiotherapeutic treatment: electrophoresis, reflexology, amplipuls, mud treatment. Recommended sanatorium treatment in balneological resorts.

In chronic calculous cholecystitis need surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). By calculous cholecystitis treated with drugs with salts of ursodezoksiholievoj, henodezoksiholievoj acids.

Complications of chronic cholecystitis

• Kholangit.
• Perforation of the gallbladder wall.
• Bladder empyema.
• Reactive hepatitis.

Prevention of chronic cholecystitis

Adherence to healthy lifestyle, refusal from harmful food habits, physical activity, timely treatment of ZHVP.