Deep mycosis

With deep mycosis, along with the skin almost always affects the internal organs. Diseases of these in most cases is more severe and life-threatening. Mostly deep mycoses affect residents of tropical nations, Recently, however, sporadic cases registered in Europe.

Actinomycosis

Actinomycosis - one of the most common deep mycosis. It is also called luchistogribkovym disease, because the accumulation of fungi pathogens actinomycosis are star-shaped, they can be seen with the naked eye in the form of yellow grains in pus. Disease was first discovered in 1877 g. cattle. Some researchers refer to microorganisms pathogens actinomycosis, occupies a middle position between the first bacteria fungi. Animals infected with actinomycosis by eating rough, substandard feed.

According to most authors, radiant fungus is often found in the human digestive system, but it does not show its pathogenic properties, It is a saprophyte. Under certain conditions, causing the weakening of the protective properties of the organism, it can activate and promote the development of the disease. More common in males. The causative agents of actinomycosis may be on plants, in particular of cereals.

There are cases of actinomycosis infection if it enters the human body spine ear of wheat, damaged hands threshing, after insect bites (mites), while chewing cereal spikelets.

Lumpy skin lesion is almost always secondary to lesions of the internal organs, tissues. We describe several varieties of skin actinomycosis. The most common form of nodular, characterized by the appearance on the skin of nodes rounded shapes ranging from hazelnut to chicken eggs, and more. Nodes usually painless or only slightly painful, soldered to the underlying tissues, extremely dense, woody or cartilaginous consistency. Gradually, the skin over the nodes, initially painted properly, Blush, appear foci of softening with subsequent formation of fistulas, of which stands out the pus, which can be seen yellow grains - accumulation of the fungus, well defined on microscopic examination. The process can drag on for months and years. Some fistulas are replaced by others, process gradually spreads, pockets can reach the size of the palm. The most frequent localization - the area of ​​the lower jaw, ing, buttocks.

In addition to the skin, Actinomycosis can affect language, lungs, abdominal organs, genitourinary organs, central nervous system.

For the treatment of actinomycosis used aktinolizat (preparation, prepared by a special treatment of the pathogen) and antibiotics (penicillin from 50 000 000 ED on the course, and others.). Assign bracing means, appropriate diet, mode.

With timely diagnosis of actinomycosis of the skin almost always comes a cure. In advanced cases, treatment time lengthened, Forecast questionable.

Kokcidioidoz (coccidioidomycosis)

The causative agent of coccidioidomycosis is a special mushroom, which enters the body when breathing. It is also possible pathogen contamination in contact through skin lesions and mucous membranes, as well as the digestive system.

It is believed, the fungus is in the soil. In addition, some people suffer from coccidioidomycosis animals.

After the infection is latent (incubatory) period 1 to 3 Sun. There are typical deep pustules, after opening emit a large quantity of liquid pus. Most often pustules localized on the neck, upper chest, language. In addition to the skin and internal organs are affected. This greatly disturbed general condition, increased body temperature, rapid depletion occurs.

With the defeat of the internal organs is much more complicated treatment. For the treatment of skin lesions is used sulfadimezin, amphotericin B, Streptomycin, vitamins, Blood Transfusion.

Kryptokokkoz (European blastomycosis)

This deep mycosis sick people and animals (Cow, horses, pigs, dogs, cats). There is relatively rare, but it is believed, his discovery of rare due to the difficulties of diagnosis.

The first agent was recovered from fermented peach juice 1894 g. Cryptococcus gets into the human body through the respiratory tract and affects the internal organs. In some cases the skin and mucous membranes are the result of direct contact of fungus from the outside through the smallest damage.

Appear on the skin rashes, like acne, boils, rare - deep pustules. Of the internal organs often affects the lungs, nervous system, bone and joints. For the treatment prescribed antibiotics, amphotericin B and nystatin, sulʹfadimezin, vitamins, Blood Transfusion. External treatment with aniline dyes is of secondary importance. In rare cases it is necessary to resort to surgery.

Histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis - one of the most difficult of deep fungal infections. Usually affects the spleen, liver, lungs. About half the affected skin. The causative agent of histoplasmosis - yeast fungi - found in soil, Contaminated old pigeon droppings, chickens and other birds. Infection occurs when the pathogen enters through the respiratory tract or the digestive system. Cutaneous may develop in direct contact with the fungus through small skin lesions (microtrauma) . Man of the person is not infected.

Diagnosing skin manifestations of histoplasmosis difficult, since they are very similar to the rash of tuberculosis and syphilis. On the skin there are elements, like boils, abscesses, that, revealing, form ulcers with warty bottom and edges.

For the treatment of histoplasmosis prescribe amphotericin B.

Aspergillosis

Aspergillosis It refers to the musty and fungal infections caused by a variety of fungi collectively as Aspergillus. Fungi are found in soil, on fruit, the leaves of trees and shrubs, on sprouted grain cereals, the skin of people.

Infection occurs by inhalation of fungal air environment. But, as in all of the above deep mycosis, such direct infection when the penetration of fungi in damaged skin.

Cutaneous manifestations of aspergillosis diverse and therefore difficult to diagnose. If it affects the outer ear canal picture reminds eczema: appear red, edema, peeling. There may be a rash of boils, subsequently ulcerate, also affected toenails. For the treatment of, aspergillosis used iodine, protivodrozhzhevye antibiotics - nystatin, levorin, amphotericin B, as well as external treatment.

Sporotrichosis

The causative agent of sporotrichosis are mushrooms – sporotryhumы. Infection occurs when skin trauma, caused by a variety of plants (injections, tsaratsiny), rarely via the respiratory or digestive system. Man of the person is not infected. Ill people of any age, but more often 20-40 years.

There are several types of clinical sporotrichosis. Most often there is a localized form of cutaneous sporotrichosis, are shown after the latent period, lasting on average 1,5 Months.

In place of the introduction of the fungus (In most cases, the open areas of the skin - Color, kistyah, footsteps) It appears hotbed of seals, which gradually increases and becomes bluish red color, and then ulcerate. Separating the liquid purulent, in a small amount. Subsequently, new foci. The infection spreads through the lymphatic vessels, so typical of the linear arrangement of ulcers. In this form of sporotrichosis general condition usually does not, However, without treatment, the disease can last for years.

Disseminated sporotrichosis form is much greater and is characterized by the appearance of seals, knots, then ulcers on the various sections of the skin. Some sites are opened, forming a nonhealing ulcers. On their background formed fistulas, other elements permanently exist as nodes, and then scar.

For the treatment used iodine, Nystatin, sulʹfadimezin,. Sometimes you have to resort to surgery.

Xromomikoz

As sporotrichosis, chromomycosis develops most often in the skin injury items of plant origin (injections, scratch, Abrasions, Splinter), Contaminated soil. Men get sick more often.

The latent period chromomycosis - 1-2 weeks, sometimes up to several months. In place of the introduction of the fungus appears small inflammatory spot or bump diameter of 1 1,5 mm, solid consistency. Very slowly increases and reaches a bump the size of a pea. Near there are similar entities, which may coalesce, forming irregular in shape and size of plaques, crusted, after removal of warty growths which visible. Sometimes, once formed inflammatory nodes the size of cherries. Most lesions are located on the feet and legs, sometimes on the head, face.

It was shown as early as possible surgical treatment of affected areas. Apply iodine, ergocalciferol, etc..