Hemorrhoids

To learn more about the disease and treatment and prevention methods visit the special section, dedicated hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids are among the most frequent diseases proctology profile. Its essence consists in the expansion of vascular Neoplasms (veins or cavernous sinus) lower rectal cancer. Extension in itself meets gemorroidalnah veins and without clinical manifestations. So, When hemorrhoids preventive care visits are detected at 9-14% of healthy middle-aged people.

Among the proctological diseases, hemorrhoids is about 40%. The very word "hemorrhoids" in Greek means "bleeding", It explains one of the most frequent symptoms-blood.

Causes of Hemorrhoids

There are many different views on the development of hemorrhoids. Most scientists, consider, to develop this disease needs to be two factors. One of them is congenital defects of structure of pelvic blood vessels, excessive or insufficient development, that leads to greater inflow or outflow of blood to difficulty. In both cases there is a swelling of the veins and their subsequent expansion and formation of hemorrhoids.

The second factor in the development of hemorrhoids include prolonged sitting, especially on a soft armchair, or standing position during work, heavy physical work, lifting weights. These conditions contribute to the stagnation of blood in the veins of the pelvis, expansion of hemorrhoidal veins and Corpora cavernosa, that later turn into gemorroidale nodes.

The above factors, people have many different professions, representatives of mental and physical work.

So, hemorrhoids can be "nasidet′", «find», «insist». But more often he strikes engaged in heavy physical labour. Apparently this factor is the most potent, behind the formation of hemorrhoids.

A significant role in the development of hemorrhoids play chronic constipation, that lead to stagnation of blood and the formation of hemorrhoids. It should be noted, that the link "constipation is hemorrhoids» has the inverse relationship, then there are hemorrhoids increases constipation. Constipated suffer 50% patients with hemorrhoids. Especially often constipation contributes to the development of hemorrhoids in humans, that long-term work in a sitting position.

Among the factors, provoke the development of hemorrhoids, particular mention should be made of the role of alcohol and irritating foods. And alcohol, and annoying food, usually, exacerbate existing chronic diseases of gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, pelvic, as well as negative in themselves operate on the veins of the pelvis. After taking alcohol and spicy food very often develop complications of hemorrhoids in the form of aggravation, bleeding, thrombosis.

Development, views, for hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoid disease is prolonged, chronic. Distinguish two major forms are complicated and uncomplicated hemorrhoids. The first usually begins gradually with extensions or increases gemorroidalnah veins of cavernous formations.

This condition can last a long time, sometimes years, It does not manifest clinical signs, do not bring any inconvenience. The patients don't even know that they have advanced hemorrhoidal veins.

However, over time these veins become izvitymi, form a conglomerate, which gradually increases, and thus formed gemorroidale nodes.

In the lower part of the rectum has internal and external gemorroidal′noe venous Plexus, Therefore, we distinguish between the internal, external and mixed hemorrhoids.

Internal hemorrhoids are formed from nodes venous Plexus, located on the top edge of the promežnostnogo Division of the rectum. External hemorrhoids due to expansion vessels venous Plexus, located on the circumference of the outer channel anus holes. More common mixed hemorrhoids, which affects both venous Plexus.

Over time, neoslojnennom hemorrhoids patients initially appears small, and later the more intense itching in the back passage. Then have aching pain, some increased during and after defecation.

An important symptom of uncomplicated hemorrhoids are abnormal discharge from rectum. They, usually, very minor, more often in the form of vesicles only between the buttocks, Sometimes the same underwear appears a little speck of discharge. These slimy allocation, gray, occasionally with an admixture of blood.

If such a patient to examine rectum, You can see the external haemorrhoids. They are of small size, elastic, covered with unmodified skin, but the latter is closer to the opening of the anus has a bluish tint.

Deep in the rear passage identifies internal haemorrhoids. They are cyanotic colour, mucous on them wrinkled, the nodes themselves stuffed. For further diagnosis the doctor conducts the digital rectal, view the anal′nyj Canal and rectum through rectal Speculum or through the proctoscope.

The clinical course of hemorrhoids characterized by slow progression. Pain and itching gradually amplified anal′nyj, bleeding over time become more frequent, observed after each defecation, Although the amount of blood remains small. A sign of progression of hemorrhoids is also increasing the size of the internal hemorrhoid and isolating them from the anus.

Complications of haemorrhoids can be acute inflammation, acute thrombosis (blockage of a blood clot), prolapsed hemorrhoids and profuse or prolonged bleeding from them. If acute bronchitis appear significant pain in the anus, tissue swelling, inflamed nodes sometimes ulcerate, bleed.

Thrombosis hemorroydalnыh nodes manifest the same symptoms, but spasm is characteristic with spastic pristupoobraznymi bowel pain in the back passage, failure to perform the Act of defecation. When the nodes should be compressed into a cramped channel amateurs sphincter and cause a sharp intense pain. Thrombosis hemorrhoid occurs in 9-30 % patients with hemorrhoids.

Quite frequent complication of hemorrhoids is bleeding from hemorrhoids. It can be abundant single or long but low-intensity. It is important to note, that blood is allocated increasingly Scarlet color. Sometimes during defecation sick note selection strong blood squirt. Total blood loss of such cases is small, about 50 milliliters, but the sick, as a rule, exaggerate the amount of blood.

Prolapsed hemorrhoids often develops in elderly patients, a long time suffering from hemorrhoids. Fall in this case, only internal significantly increased gemorroidale nodes, Although these patients, usually, augmented and outer nodes. When inspecting the anus doctor sees hosts bunch ", located on the outside of the anus and consisting of internal and external sites.

Impairment losses to hemorrhoidal tumors is rare. It may be in patients of young age with a saved tone of the sphincter anus, which infringe the nodes drawn.

Doctors-proctologists note, that young people gemorroidale nodes not so often reach large sizes, and rarely fall. And in elderly patients, usually, weakened sphincter anus. Then, that normally in everyday life take over tainted hemorrhoids, actually there is thrombosis hemorrhoid.

Diagnosis of hemorrhoids

Diagnosis of hemorrhoids, usually, netrudna. However, the doctor has to always take into account the, and every patient, suffering from hemorrhoids, You should know, that under the guise of hemorrhoids can occur other, more dangerous diseases. Therefore, you should never diagnose yourself. Only a doctor, carefully examined the patient, is able to recognize the disease and prescribe the right treatment.

Treatment of hemorrhoids

Treatment of hemorrhoids can be conservative means and through surgery. Uncomplicated form of hemorrhoids doctors treat only the conservative. It is very important to achieve patient eliminate constipation.

Of nutrition should be deleted all, that contributes to the irritation of the mucous membranes of the intestine: spicy food, salty, smoked, fried foods, alcohol, tomato paste, pepper, vinegar, mustard. It is advisable to adhere strictly to the diet.

Topical treatment should be different and depend on the prevalence of those or other symptoms — pain, bleeding, itching. It consists of the use of candles, baths and mikroklizm. Pain doctors prescribe candles, containing Novocain and extract of Belladonna, at moderate bleeding add adrenalin or use candles with trombinom, and in tromboze nodes require glivenolovye candles. Introduction of candle is sometimes painful, therefore preliminary it is necessary to lubricate with Vaseline or sunflower oil or child cream. It is desirable to, to introduced the candle remained amateurs channel, rather than proskakivala in ampoules of the rectum.

Truth, staying in the anus, Candle causes an uncomfortable feeling of a foreign body, but after 5-10 minutes it will be reduced in size and the patient will not feel. After the introduction of the candles in the anus is recommended between the buttocks to put cloth or cotton wool, that would prevent the loss of candles outside.

A good analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects have sedentary baths with a warm solution of potassium permanganate or abutments promežnostnym shower. Most of these procedures is simultaneously and preventive measures, so can run throughout your life.

Complicated forms of hemorrhoids at the beginning of its development are also subject to conservative treatment. In acute inflammation and thrombosis hemorrhoid it is aimed at relieving pain, spasm and inflammation in the back passage. With these objectives, the doctor prescribes such drugs, as Analgin, Baralgin, but-Spa, papaverine, dimedrol, sedal′gin etc.

A good analgesic properties have cold fomentation with lead water, burovskoj liquid, solutions rivanola, novocaine. Napkins, wetted these solutions or simply cold tap water, sick within hours applies to inflamed sites gemorroidal′nym, changing them every 30 minutes — 20. While applying lotions patient lies on his stomach with a raised pelvis. Very useful in acute inflammation and thrombosis nodes vagina with cold water. This should be done after defecation and at night.

When expressed bleeding useful cool gadgets, You should use 5 %-solution of calcium chloride, having the ability to fake blood. Hemorrhoidal suppository must also contain Hemostatic agents.

Fallen inflamed or trombirovanne gemorroidale nodes, it is not recommended to cache. This dramatically painful and not always feasible procedure. Even if it manages to right sites, the spastic reduce perianal žomov literally a few minutes later pushed them back outside. As the inflammatory phenomena, reduce spasm and sizes of nodes they themselves, vpravlâûtsâ in anus.

All patients with complicated forms of hemorrhoids after the Elimination of acute phenomena, stop bleeding are subject to surgical treatment. However, some patients with thrombosis hemorrhoid and with neostanavlivaemym hemorrhage surgery doctors spend on urgent indications, that is the first-the second day of treatment in a hospital.

Indications for surgery are binding, If hemorrhoids recur often exacerbation, 2-3 times a year, prevent walk, sit, perform working activities. When the unsuccessful conservative treatment for 2 years such patients are subject to transactions. Especially insistent doctors recommend surgical treatment of young and middle-aged patients.

It must be noted, that after removal gemorroidalnah nodes in 2-3% of patients there are recurrences of diseases, i.e. again formed gemorroidale nodes. In most cases, the results are absolute good operations, sites disappear completely, bleeding does not occur. But this does not mean, that you can ignore all the preventive measures. Taking care of that, to avoid constipation, should always be.

It should be noted some features of hemorrhoids in women, associated with menstruation and pregnancy. Most women during menstruation and for 2-3 days prior to them a sense of gravity in the basin, the sensation of a foreign object into the anus. This is due to increased inflow of blood into the pelvis, that in itself contributes to hemorrhoids. Gemorroidale nodes increases, appear itching, pain in the anus, sometimes blood is allocated from the rectum.

Pregnancy, especially in the second half of, can also contribute to hemorrhoids. The fact, that the enlarged uterus compresses the blood vessels of the small pelvis, prevents the outflow of blood. This often leads developing during pregnancy constipation.

These phenomena contribute to formation of hemorrhoids. As a result, women are having the sensation of heaviness and itching in the back passage, stand out mucus and blood. When exposed to provocative factors may develop and complicated haemorrhoids.

The expectant mother must have an idea of the possibilities of development of complications and the first days of pregnancy seek to prevent them.

Prevention of hemorrhoids

Importance in terms of prevention have treated constipation, waiver of acute annoying foods, the correct regimen with mandatory walking outdoors, hygienic care of the area of the anus.

Effective preventive means is the use of complex gymnastic exercises, aimed at strengthening the pelvic floor, that improves the flow of blood from the pelvic organs. The simplest of these exercises, that can be done in any conditions, is periodic, within 3-4 seconds, tightening the muscles of the anus and its retraction followed by relaxing all the muscles for 5-6 seconds. Exercise enough to continue 2-3 minutes, You can perform them in a sitting position, standing up or lying down. During the day the specified exercise preferably repeat 3-4 times.