Constipation

Constipation

Description constipation

Запор – нечастые и/или трудные испражнения. With constipation stools are often hard and dry. This is a very common gastrointestinal problems.

Causes of constipation

Constipation has many causes, including:

• Lack of fluid intake;
• Overuse of laxative medicines;
• Too little movement;
• Bed rest;
• Some medications, including:
  • Painkillers;
  • Drugs;
  • Aluminum-containing antacids;
  • Antidepressant and antipsychotic medications;
  • Medicines for epilepsy and Parkinson's disease;
  • Spazmoliticheskie drugs;
  • Trankvilizatorы;
  • Iron preparations;
  • Calcium channel blockers;
• Delay desire defecation;
• Pregnancy;
• Diabetes;
• Spasm of the anal sphincter, due to painful anal fissures or hemorrhoids;
• Thyroid disease;
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (periods of constipation may alternate with periods of diarrhea);
• Neurological diseases, such as:
  • Parkinson's Disease;
  • Multiple sclerosis;
  • Stroke;
  • Damage or spinal cord tumor;
• Scleroderma;
• Systemic lupus erythematosus;
• Intestinal disorders, including:
  • Scarring;
  • Tumors;
  • Cancer;
  • Inflammation;
• Travels (because of changes in sleep schedule, stress and poor nutrition).

Risk factors for constipation

Factors, which may increase the risk of constipation include:

• Advanced age;
• Passive lifestyle;
• Prolonged bed rest due to surgery or an accident;
• A diet high in fat and sugar and low in fiber.

Symptoms of constipation

Symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain;
• Feeling of fullness;
• Rectal pain and pressure;
• Difficulty passing stool, Despite the tension;
• Hard, dry stools;
• Black chair;
• Внешний вид стула – круглые шарики;
• The feeling of incomplete bowel oprozhneniya after defecation.

Запор – когда следует обратиться к врачу?

Consult your doctor, if:

• Before that you have never had constipation;
• Constipation lasts longer, than 2-3 of the week;
• There is severe pain or bloated stomach;
• There nausea or vomiting;
• There are signs of infection, such as fever or chills;
• Feel pain or burning sensation in the anus, even without a bowel movement;
• There is blood in the stool or black stool;
• Constipation is caused by drugs (presumably);
• There is a weight loss.

Diagnosing constipation

Changes in bowel condition, such as constipation, It may indicate a more serious illness. Your doctor may order tests, to rule out other diseases. Tests may include:

• Medical checkup;
• Blood tests;
• Пальцевое ректальное исследование – осмотр прямой кишки врачом, in which a gloved lubricated finger inserted into the rectum;
• Рентген брюшной полости – тест, which uses X-rays to take pictures of structures inside the abdomen;
• Бариевая клизма – инъекция жидкости с рентгеноконтрастным веществом в прямую кишку, and then perform X-rays;
• Гибкая ректороманоскопия – тонкая трубка с камерой вводится в прямую кишку для изучения прямой кишки и нижней части толстой кишки.

Treatment of constipation

Methods of treatment of constipation may include:

Determining the frequency of defecation

Talk to your doctor, what should be the normal stool frequency. Its range is quite wide. Some people need a few bowel movements per day, the other, only one bowel movement for several days.

Lifestyle changes

• Eat healthy, a balanced diet high in fiber (eg, bread with bran, whole grains, fresh fruit and cereals). Consumption prunes help to improve defecation;
• It is necessary to limit the intake of processed foods and fatty foods;
• Exercise regularly;
• Drink at least eight glasses of water each day.

Laxatives, stool softener or using glycerol suppositories

Regular use of laxatives or enemas can be habit-forming, and without using them there is constipation. Stool softener, However, are not addictive. Talk to your doctor about, how often and how long you can use these tools.

Examples of drugs for improving defecation:

• Polyethylene glycol 3350 – слабительное;
• Препараты подорожника – слабительное;
• Докузат – смягчитель стула;
• Лактулоза – легкое слабительное;
• Любипростон – лекарство, increasing the amount of fluid in the stool;
• Инъекции ботулотоксина – могут быть использованы для лечения некоторых видов запора.

Retraining (mode change) bowel

Go to the toilet at one and the same time each day. Usually, defecation is best after breakfast and coffee. We need to sit on the toilet for 15-20 minutes. Over time, the body gets used to a regular bowel movements at the same time every day.

Using biofeedback

Biofeedback uses sensors to the body connection. These sensors read information on the work of muscles. Working with a therapist, you will learn, how to control certain muscles, which can help with defecation.

Treatment of major diseases

Treatment of other conditions, that can cause constipation, help get rid of them.

Replacement medications for constipation

If you are taking medicines, that cause constipation, Consult a physician, to identify, whether they can be replaced by other drugs.

If you are taking opioids to relieve pain, you may have constipation. Medicine called methylnaltrexone can reduce this side effect.

Surgery

If you have a serious, chronic constipation, your doctor may recommend surgery.

If you are diagnosed with constipation, Follow your doctor's instructions.

Preventing constipation

To reduce the risk of constipation:

• Eat healthy, a balanced diet high in fiber;
• Exercise regularly;
• Drink at least eight glasses of water a day;
• To train the intestine, you need to schedule time each day to visit the toilet, best immediately after a meal;
• If you feel the urge to defecate, do not ignore it. Just go to the toilet.