Trihomikozy – Pilomikozy

A special group of Mycosis constitute the so-called Pilo- or trihomikozy, where along with smooth skin and nails affects long and vellus hair. These include trihofitia, microspores and favus (hunger).

ringworm

There are several types trihofitii:

• superficial;
• infiltrative-suppurative;
• chronic.

Trichophytosis infected from sick people and animals; more common in children of preschool and school age.

The disease spreads through the headgear, crests, pillow, towels. To 50 % children infected by patients with chronic trichophytosis adult family members.

after infection, t. it is. hit the fungus on the scalp, no signs of disease within 12-15 days there. This is called the incubation (hidden) period. Then color formed numerous small pleshiny size from pea to penny with, sometimes more extensive. The affected hair to become brittle and break off about 1-3 mm above the skin, like haircuts. In people, the disease is called "stryhuschyy shingles". The remaining hair fragments are deformed, getting kind of stumps, hooks, commas, question marks. The hair of the residue by laboratory testing easily find mushrooms.

Subsequently surface bald patches starts to peel off pityriasis. Patients take it for flaking dandruff. Sometimes the edges are visible foci single small bubbles. No discomfort arises, so patients do not seek medical advice and become a source of mass disorders in children's groups.

The disease can last for years. In some cases, the disease to puberty spontaneously disappear, in others becomes chronic trichophytosis.

surface trihofitia smooth skin can occur at any site, even on the eyebrows and eyelashes. Distinguish mottled scaly species. First appear circular spots of various sizes with scaling at the center and a red rim around the periphery. The spots can grow, merge, form large pockets of various shapes. Inflammatory phenomena are expressed insignificantly, any discomfort there.

When the bubble in the form of lesions visible inflammation: on the edge, and sometimes in the core of the center, there are numerous small (the size of a pinhead) bubbles, that, revealing, shrivel in the crust. Thus there is an itch.

With proper treatment, the surface trihofitia smooth skin quickly disappears. Difficulties arise in the case of involvement in the process of vellus hair. They lose their luster, become brittle, darken, deformyruyutsya. Nails are often affected with chronic trihofitii. Distinguish trichophytosis nails from rubrofitii possible only by means of laboratory research.

Chronic trichophytosis mainly adult women suffer. The process may be localized both on scalp, and in different parts of the skin, more often -- of golenyah, hips, forearms and buttocks.

In most cases, chronic trihofitia is the result of undiagnosed and untreated trihofitii, appeared as a child. Cases of infection from diseased field and the gray house mouse.

In the so-called chernotochechnoy form of the disease on the scalp can distinguish individual or grouped black dots, which are remnants of the affected hair. When extracting forceps in such residues easily find mushrooms.

In chronic trihofitii smooth skin peeling observed, often inflammatory, bluish-red irregularly shaped lesions with ill-defined boundaries.

During chronic trihofitii very long, it is difficult to treat. Due to lack of patient discomfort it is difficult to detect.

Quite a different clinical picture infiltrative-suppurative trihofitii, which are often infected from animals, mainly from young cattle krupnota, much less frequently from patients. This form usually localized on the scalp, in the beard and mustache, rarely on the hands. In this form of acute inflammatory phenomena predominate. On the skin of these areas there is a lesion in the form of inflammatory spots round shape. Gradually he begins to rise above the level of the surrounding normal skin. On the surface of the plaque visible multiple pustules, which subsequently opened and have pus. The hair in the affected area can be easily removed and are no longer growing. Lots painful defeat, lymph nodes swell, often disturbed general condition: fever, appear malaise, and weakness. Sometimes infiltrative-suppurative trihofitii rashes appear as red spots all over the body - the so-called trihofitidy.

Patients infiltrative form trihofitii sent to hospital. The earlier treatment is started, the lower the risk of complications.

Microsporia

Microsporia caused by so-called feline fungus, at least - rusty (cats are a source of disease, sometimes - Dog), faviformnym (Cow, facturer, horses).

When microsporia scalp, Unlike trihofitii the same location, having 1-2 hearth rounded size 2-3 cm. Their surface shelled, hair into 3-8 mm from the root oblamyvayutsya, as if covered with a gray rough cover, Recalling the glass rod, smeared with glue and sprinkled with sand.

mushrooms, causing mikrosporiya, can be stored in the cut hair for 3-4 years, so after a haircut or hair removal (pulling) hair should be burned. In soil, mushrooms retain their pathogenic properties to 2 Months.

With the localization of spots on the smooth skin have the form of concentric circles.

The final diagnosis can be made either by means of laboratory research, or fluorescent diagnostics, that is, that upon irradiation with ultraviolet rays of the suspicious area, passing through a special filter (glass, impregnated nickel salts), Affected skin and hair get a bright green color.

Deep mikrosporiya observed very rarely, nails are not affected.

Favus

Crusted ringworm is caused by the fungus ahorionom, which affects the scalp, smooth skin and nails.

There are three varieties of crusted ringworm of the scalp: skutulyarnaya (lat. scutulata - щиток), cheshuychataya and korkovaya. The most common - the first form. On the scalp emerge multiple yellowish education blyudtsepodobnoy form with depression, permeated in the center of hair. Hair loses shine, become frosted, like dusty, and then fall (does not break off, both at the surface and Trichophyton Microsporum scalp). Affected areas have a barn smell, reminiscent of the smell of mold and mouse droppings. In the cavity of the shield are fungi, which are sprayed on surrounding skin areas and objects, surrounding the patient - hats, clothes. spraying process is similar dispersion of the mature poppy seed heads. Typically, after the loss of hair can not be restored, and remains persistent alopecia.

Crusted ringworm smooth skin is less common, than scalp, and it is of two types - exfoliating and skutulyarny. In the first case the skin appear small reddish, "Scaly patches, Second - skutuly, Similar to those described with favus scalp.

Favus nails often combined with lesions of the scalp. At first, small yellow skutuly shine through the nail plate, to thicken, become brittle, crumble and eventually separated from the nail bed. It must be remembered, that patients favus adults may not only defeat of nails hands, and no legs.

Treat patients trihomikozami should only doctor dermatolrg. Self-medication in the home is inefficient and only delayed the recovery time.

Prevention and treatment trihomikozov

To reduce the incidence trihomikozami above all necessary to increase health literacy. You need to know the ways of infection, the main symptoms, risk of watchful waiting parents and self.

Character trihomikozov treatment and other fungal infections depends on the degree of pathogenicity of the fungus, and the state of the patient's body. frail people, in which the protective capabilities of the body are reduced, carry disease seriously, worse treatable. And play the role of co-morbidities: diabetes, tuberculosis, tumor, alcoholism, nerve disease. Therefore no standard in the treatment of patients can not be. Subject to the conventional methods of treatment requires an individual approach to each patient; Besides, apply restorative, toniziruyushtie, sedatives, vitamins and etc. During treatment and dispensary observation of patients periodically inspect (common blood tests, Urine, biochemical studies), sometimes sent for consultation to pediatricians, therapists, neurologists, conduct multiple studies to identify the fungi. That's why self, even according to the instructions, very often ineffective.

Parents, pupils, children older groups of kindergartens should learn basic hygiene practices, warning infected trihomikozami.

The first step is to observe good personal hygiene. Regularly wash your hair and the whole body, use individual towel, comb. You can not wear other people's hats (hats, hats, kerchiefs).

All children, coming in a manger, kindergartens and schools, You must be examined by a dermatologist.

Before the start of the school year also need examination by a dermatologist, as some children, vacationing in rural areas and have come into contact with cattle, may be patients with infiltrative-suppurative form trihofitii and other trihomikozami. Besides, all children, attending school, pre-school establishments, periodically inspect doctors.

In some cases, parents, detecting lesions in children scalp, do not report it to the doctor because of fear of long-term treatment and non-attendance at school. It is especially difficult to diagnose trihomikoz girls with long hair. In such cases also shows fluorescent diagnostics.

patients trihomikozom, located on the out-patient treatment, You should not go to the bath, showers, swimming pools, hairdressing. While in the hospital or at home, the sick child should wear a color close fitting cloth cap, which must be washed frequently.

In child care centers (manger, gardens) set quarantine at trihofitii and crusted ringworm on 1 Months, when microsporia - on 1,5 Months. During this period, children, as well as the entire staff regularly inspect.

Microsporia often infected by stray cats, at least - from stray dogs. Encouraging children to love animals, you must still explain to them the dangers of contact with stray, stray animals.

Microsporia can be like a vagrant (veterinarians found, that 3.5-4.5% of stray cats infected microsporia), and (less often) in domestic cats. Especially often find mikrosporiya kittens. Patients cats and dogs fur appear round or oval lesions. Wool is broken off or absent, scaly skin. Upon detection of such phenomena it is necessary to address urgently to the vet and have the corresponding, treatment with the simultaneous observance of safety precautions to prevent infection of the child or adult - the host animal.

You can become infected not only in case of direct contact with the sick person or animal, but also through things, by the patient. Especially dangerous is the lack of hygiene in hairdressing.

All hairdressing tools necessary to decontaminate. Manicure and pedicure tools sterilized by boiling 2 % soda solution. Unfortunately, these rules are not always followed. Besides, the hairdresser, notice any changes in the skin of the scalp or face, not always refuses to serve the client.

In rural areas, frequent cases of diseases infiltrative-suppurative trichophytosis, the carriers of which are more often a cow (especially young), at least - horse. Sometimes there are outbreaks of infiltrative-suppurative trihofitii animals, as well as people, are in contact with them.

Sometimes the source of infection infiltrative-suppurative trichophytosis very difficult to identify.

Supervision of animals, create normal hygienic conditions for their maintenance, isolation and treatment of sick animals, examinations of people, having contact with them, carry out veterinary services in rural areas.

In nurseries and gardens should not be toys from foam, weaving and other soft materials, difficult-to-disinfect. mushrooms, causing trihomikozy, may persist for long periods of toys and be a source of infection. Comfortable wooden toys, metal, Plastics, because they can handle sanitizers, wash. In case of occurrence in the children's collective Trichophyton or Microsporum toys, which can neutralize, subjected to disinfection, and destroy the rest. Just processed baby toys, do not attend child care.

When the final disinfection treated garments, hats, brush, scissors, combs, books. apply steam, steam-and paroformalinovy ​​disinfection methods. The latter is more effective. Floor and skirting is treated 1 % solution of bleach or 5 % a solution of Lysol, and 1-1,5 hours after treatment, washed with warm soapy water.

It is important to ensure that, that the child has not been in contact with sick pets.

Each patient is made relevant documentation, communicated in sanitary and epidemiological station no later than 3 days after diagnosis.