Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: What's it, causes, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, prevention

Morning sickness; Nausea in the morning – females; Vomiting in the morning – females; Nausea during pregnancy; Pregnancy nausea; Pregnancy vomiting; Vomiting during pregnancy

What is nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?

Morning sickness during pregnancy is very common.. Most pregnant women experience at least some nausea., and about one-third vomit.

Morning sickness most often begins during the first month of pregnancy and continues for 14-16 weeks (3-th or 4th month). Some women experience nausea and vomiting throughout their pregnancy .

Morning sickness won't hurt your baby, if you don't lose weight, eg, with severe vomiting . Some weight loss during the first trimester is not uncommon., when women have mild symptoms, and not harmful to the baby.

Nausea during one pregnancy does not show, how will you feel during future pregnancies.

Causes of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

The exact cause of morning sickness is unknown.. This may be caused by hormonal changes or low blood sugar levels in early pregnancy.. Emotional stress, fatigue, travel or certain foods can exacerbate the problem. Nausea during pregnancy is more common and may worsen with twins or triplets.

When to contact a healthcare professional

Call your doctor, if:

• morning sickness not getting better, despite using home remedies.
• Nausea and vomiting continue after the 4th month of pregnancy. It happens to some women. Most of the time it's ok, but you should check it out.
• You vomit blood or material, like coffee grounds. (Seek immediate medical attention).
• You vomit more 3 once a day or you are unable to swallow food or liquid.
• Your urine seems concentrated and dark, or you urinate very infrequently.
• You have excessive weight loss.

What to Expect When Visiting a Doctor

Your doctor will conduct a physical examination, including gynecological examination, and detect any signs of dehydration .

He can ask the following questions:

• Are you just sick or are you also throwing up?
• Nausea and vomiting occur every day?
• Does it last throughout the day?
• Can you keep food or liquid?
• you traveled?
• Your schedule has changed?
• Are you stressed?
• What foods did you eat?
• Do you smoke?
• What have you done, to try to feel better?
• What other symptoms do you have - headaches, stomach ache, breast tenderness, dry mouth, excessive thirst, unintentional weight loss?

Your doctor may do the following tests:

• Blood tests, including complete blood count and blood biochemistry ( chemistry-20 )
• Urine
• US

Treatment and prevention

Treatment and prevention of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy include the following approaches:

• Proper nutrition: Eating small meals and avoiding spicy foods, fatty and odorous foods may help reduce symptoms.
• Avoidance of odors: Try to avoid odors, that make you nauseous.
• Drinking liquid: Drink enough water, to prevent dehydration.
• Moderate exercise: Physical activity can help improve digestion.
• The use of aromatherapy: Some aromatic oils may help reduce nausea..

Home care for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

Try to keep a positive attitude. Remember, that in most cases morning sickness stops after the first 3–4 months of pregnancy. To reduce nausea, try:

• A few soda crackers or dry toast on first wake up, even before, how do you get out of bed in the morning.
• Small snack before bed and at night, when you get up, to go to the toilet.
• Avoid large meals; instead, snack every 1–2 hours throughout the day and drink plenty of fluids.
• Eat foods high in protein and complex carbohydrates, such as peanut butter on apple or celery slices; nuts; cheese; crackers; milk; cottage cheese; and yogurt; avoid foods high in fat and salt, but low in nutrients.
• ginger products (proven effective against morning sickness), such as ginger tea, ginger candy and ginger soda.

Here are some more tips:

• Acupressure bracelets or acupuncture may help. You can find these bands in drug stores., healthy food, tourist shops. If you're thinking about, to try acupuncture, talk to your doctor and find an acupuncturist, who is trained to work with pregnant women.
• Avoid smoking and passive smoking.
• Avoid medication for morning sickness. If yes, first ask your doctor.
• Maintain airflow in rooms, to reduce odors.
• When you feel sick, light foods, such as gelatin, broth, ginger ale and salted crackers, can soothe the stomach.
• Take prenatal vitamins at night. Increase Vitamin B6 in Your Diet, eating whole grains, nuts, seed, peas and beans (pulse). Talk to your doctor about taking vitamin B6 supplements. Doxylamine is another drug, which is sometimes prescribed, as it is known, safely.

Used sources and literature

Antony KM, Racusin DA, Aagaard K, Dildy GA. Maternal physiology. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Junior ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe’s Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 3.

Bonthala N, Wong MS. Gastrointestinal diseases in pregnancy. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Junior ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe’s Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 53.

Smith RP. Routine prenatal care: first trimester. In: Smith RP, ed. Netter’s Obstetrics and Gynecology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 198.