Gestosis – state and urinalysis

Gestosis can develop in different stages of pregnancy.

Early toxemia of pregnancy usually develops during the first trimester of pregnancy, later - in the third, sometimes in the second. The main cause of occurrence of late toxicosis is currently considered an immunological conflict between mother and fetus Rh antigens and other blood. In pregnant women with late toxicosis were significantly more likely, than women with normal pregnancy, detected antibodies to placental tissue, kidney, liver, what, apparently, It makes extremely difficult for toxicity.

According to clinical features distinguish four forms of late toxicosis:

• Dropsy;
• Nephropathy;
• Preэklampsiya;
• Eclampsia pregnancy.

These forms are considered different stages of the same disease process. Besides, emit "clean", or primary, toxemia, developing a healthy pregnant, and match, or secondary, occurs against a background of chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertension, heart defects, accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, and etc. A combined, or secondary, more severe morning sickness.

The initial form of manifestation of late toxicosis is dropsy. The total state of pregnancy is not broken, blood pressure in the normal range. Urine output decreased, sometimes significantly (to 200-250 ml). Often, pregnant women can be seen expressed mild hemolytic anemia with reticulocytosis, fragmentation of red blood cells and thrombocytopenia minor. Urine traces of protein, microscopy can detect single cells of renal epithelium, hyaline and granular casts and leached erythrocytes.

When nephropathy pregnant Classic cases, there is a triad of symptoms:

• Swelling;
• Proteinuria;
• Arterial hypertension.

There may be only two of these symptoms, but it is always the leading hypertension, wherein the blood pressure can reach 26,7/20 kPa (200/150 mm Hg. Art.) and more. In view of the blood pressure and proteinuria are three degrees of severity of nephropathy pregnant.

In mild nephropathy blood pressure rises to a maximum 20,7/12 kPa (150/90 mm Hg. Art.), proteinuria dostigaet 0,6 g / l. The boundary between the form of moderate to severe high blood pressure is considered to 24- 13,3 kPa (180/100 mm Hg. Art.), protein content in urine - up 5 g / l. The emergence of increasing non-selective proteinuria, micro-, and sometimes gross hematuria, various cylinders (hyaline, grained, epithelial, sometimes buropigmentirovannyh and blood) until waxy more typical secondary nephropathy. The presence of pre-eclampsia can be suspected in cases with blood pressure before 26,7/16 kPa (200/ /120 mm Hg. Art.) and more, massive edema and significant proteinurney. The growth of these symptoms, as well as blurred vision and the appearance of seizures indicate the development of eclampsia in pregnant.