Tenesmus, stool retention: what is this, causes, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, prevention

Tenesmus; Pain – passing stool; Painful stools; Difficulty passing stool

Tenesmus is a disease, characterized by a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bowels, несмотря на постоянные попытки дефекации. Состояние обычно связано с ректальной болью, спазмами и императивными позывами. Tenesmus can be a symptom of various underlying conditions and can occur in people of all ages.. In this article, we will discuss the reasons, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of tenesmus.

Causes of tenesmus

Tenesmus can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions., including:

• inflammatory bowel disease (VZK). IBD is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Tenesmus is a common symptom of IBD.
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (CPK). IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, которое может вызывать боль в животе, bloating and changes in bowel movements, including tenesmus.
• Infectious diarrhea. Tenesmus may be a symptom of infectious diarrhea, caused by bacterial, viral or parasitic infections.
• Archoptosis. Rectal prolapse occurs, when the rectum protrudes through the anus. Tenesmus is a common symptom of rectal prolapse..
• Hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectal and anal area. Tenesmus may occur due to inflammation of hemorrhoids.
• Anal fissure. Анальная трещина представляет собой разрыв слизистой оболочки анального канала. Тенезмы являются распространенным симптомом анальной трещины.
• Kolorektalynыy cancer. Tenesmus may be a symptom of colorectal cancer, especially when the tumor is located in the rectum.

Symptoms of tenesmus

Основным симптомом тенезмов является ощущение неполного опорожнения кишечника, несмотря на настойчивые попытки дефекации. Other symptoms, которые могут возникнуть при тенезмах, include:

• Ректальная боль: tenesmus is often associated with rectal pain, spasms and discomfort.
• urgency: tenesmus may cause a sudden urge to defecate, even if there is no stool in the rectum.
• Voltage: tenesmus can lead to excessive straining during bowel movements.
• Mucus secretion: tenesmus can cause mucus to come out of the rectum.

When to contact a healthcare professional

If you experience persistent or severe tenesmus, you should contact a healthcare professional. You should also seek medical attention, if you notice any of the following symptoms:

• Blood in the stool
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Nausea or vomiting
• Heat
• Unexplained weight loss

Questions, that your doctor may ask

During the appointment, the doctor, probably, задаст вам вопросы о ваших симптомах, medical history and lifestyle. Some questions, that your doctor may ask, include:

• Когда у вас появились симптомы тенезмов?
• Как часто вы испытываете тенезмы?
• Have you noticed any changes in your bowel habits??
• Have you noticed blood in your stool??
• Have you experienced any rectal pain or discomfort?
• Have you experienced any abdominal pain or cramps?
• Have you experienced nausea or vomiting?
• Have you experienced a fever or unexplained weight loss?

Diagnosis of tenesmus

To diagnose tenesmus, your doctor will do a physical examination and may order some tests, including:

• Digital rectal examination (PRI). During DR, the doctor inserts a lubricated gloved finger into the rectum, to check for any anomalies, such as rectal prolapse or hemorrhoids.
• Fecal. Your doctor may order stool tests for bacterial, viral or parasitic infections, which can cause tenesmus.
• Colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is a procedure, which allows the doctor to view the inside of the large intestine using a flexible tube with a camera. This procedure can help your doctor diagnose such conditions., like IBD, colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal disorders.
• X-rays or imaging tests. Your doctor may order x-rays or imaging tests, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, чтобы помочь диагностировать основные состояния, which can cause tenesmus.

Лечение тенезмов

Лечение тенезмов зависит от основной причины состояния. Some common treatments include:

• Лекарства В зависимости от причины тенезмов ваш врач может назначить лекарства, такие как противовоспалительные препараты, antibiotics, слабительные или спазмолитики.
• Surgery. In some cases, surgery may be required to treat these conditions., like rectal prolapse or colorectal cancer.
• Dietary changes. Your doctor may recommend dietary changes, such as increasing fiber intake or avoiding certain foods, to help manage tenesmus.
• Pelvic floor therapy. Pelvic floor therapy may be recommended for some people, to help improve bowel function and reduce tenesmus.

home treatment for tenesmus

In addition to medical treatment, there are some home remedies, которые могут облегчить симптомы тенезмов. These include:

• Warm baths. Принятие теплой ванны может облегчить боль и дискомфорт в прямой кишке.
• Diet, богатая клетчаткой. A high-fiber diet may help improve bowel movements and reduce tenesmus.
• Gidratatsiya. Употребление большого количества воды и других жидкостей может помочь смягчить стул и уменьшить напряжение во время дефекации.
• Exercises. Регулярные физические упражнения могут помочь улучшить работу кишечника и уменьшить тенезмы.

Профилактика тенезмов

Профилактика тенезмов зависит от основной причины состояния. Here are some tips, to help prevent tenesmus:

• Maintaining good hygiene. Compliance with hygiene rules, e.g. washing hands after going to the toilet, may help prevent bacterial and viral infections, causing tenesmus.
• Eating a Healthy Diet. Eating a high-fiber diet and avoiding processed and fatty foods may help prevent tenesmus.
• Maintaining water balance: drinking plenty of water and other fluids can help prevent constipation and reduce tenesmus.
• Regular exercise. Регулярные физические упражнения могут помочь улучшить работу кишечника и уменьшить тенезмы.

Conclusion

Tenesmus is a disease, characterized by a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bowels, несмотря на постоянные попытки дефекации. The condition can be caused by a variety of underlying medical conditions and can occur in people of all ages.. If you experience persistent or severe tenesmus, you should contact a healthcare professional. Лечение тенезмов зависит от основной причины состояния, and there are some home remedies and lifestyle changes, which may help relieve symptoms and prevent tenesmus.

Used sources and literature

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Quick CRG, Biers SM, Arulampalam THA. Nonacute abdominal pain and other abdominal symptoms and signs. In: Quick CRG, Biers SM, Arulampalam THA, eds. Essential Surgery Problems, Diagnosis and Management. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 18.

Tanksley JP, Willett CG, Czito BG, Palta M. Acute and chronic gastrointestinal side effects of radiation therapy. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 41.