Sweet Nude – Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
Perennial herb up to 70-90 cm, leguminous (Fabaceae). Licorice grows in the European part of Russia, in Central Asia and the Caucasus. For medical purposes, they prepare the rhizome and the roots of plants.
Sweet Nude – Chemical composition
The roots and rhizomes of licorice contains glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic acid and its potassium and calcium salts, and flavonoid glycosides - likviritin, likviritigenin and liquiritoside. Besides, in the roots of the plants found vitamins (in particular, vitamin C), pigments, essential oil, bitterness and other compounds.
Sweet Nude – Pharmacological properties
Licorice expectorant properties related to the content in the roots of glycyrrhizin, which stimulates the activity of ciliated epithelium in the trachea and bronchi, but also enhances the secretory function of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. Besides, licorice and its extracts have antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle, because they contain flavonoid compounds, among which the most active considered liquiritoside. The most important pharmacological properties of licorice roots is a pronounced anti-inflammatory action, consisting in a kind of relief of inflammatory reactions, caused by histamine, serotonin and bradykinin. Anti-inflammatory properties of the plant are due not so much glycyrrhizin, as glycyrrhizic acid, which is released by the hydrolysis of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizic acid, subjected to metabolic transformations in the body, It has kortikosteroidopodobnoe action. This is the pharmacological properties of plants considered to be the most important. From individual licorice herbal remedies most thoroughly studied drug glycyram, which essentially defines a number of important pharmacological properties of the plant root and its clinical application.
Glycated a monoammonium salt of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice root. Experimental studies have established, glycyram that has no susche- a considerable influence on the cardiovascular system. However, when examining the action in the adrenergic system glycyram noted, it slightly increases the hypertensive response to intravenous administration of epinephrine. On M- and H-holinoreaktivnye drug is not appreciably affect. Protivogistaminnye action is not found.
In various experimental models of inflammation revealed anti-inflammatory properties glycyram, as well as its ability to reduce vascular permeability.
Experiments with adrenalectomy evidence of adrenal involvement in the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory glycyram. It also has a stimulating effect on the functional activity of the adrenal cortex, which significantly reduced after hypophysectomy. Glycyram several alters the balance of sodium and potassium ions in the blood serum. It has anti-allergic properties.
Experimental studies in animals found, that glycyram malotoksichen.
Sweet Nude – Use in medicine
Galenicals liquorice are widely used in medical practice as an expectorant, enveloping and emollient cough agent in diseases of the upper respiratory tract, mainly in the presence of poorly detachable, thick and viscous secretions, as well as in the advanced inflammatory manifestations, especially in children and the elderly. Licorice root also nominated for stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers, in chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, especially at high acidity of gastric juice.
Sometimes, as an adjuvant therapy herbal form of the plant is used in Addison's disease, hypofunction of the adrenal cortex. In order to stimulate the adrenal cortex licorice used in systemic lupus, allergic dermatitis, pemphigus, etc..
The therapeutic efficacy of licorice root is large enough (especially its medicinal properties enveloping) and varied. In this regard, for a narrower, but also a more efficient use of the therapeutic effect plant was established drug glycyram.
A clinical study was conducted at glycyram asthma, Addison's disease, hypofunction of the adrenal cortex and other diseases.
Learning activities glycyram in asthma carried out in a hospital in the children's medical and surgical wards. There were children, bronchial asthma of severe and moderate severity. Glycyram Assign inside tablets 0,05 g 2-3 times a day for 3-6 weeks. In the most severe forms of the disease the dose was increased to 0.4-0.6 g / day, and the treatment was continued until 6-12 weeks. Glycyram used independently, and in combination with steroids.
In bronchial asthma of moderate severity glycyram contribute to the elimination of bronchospasm, restoration of respiratory function, decrease in the number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood. In severe forms of the disease glycyram it proved effective in appointing him in combination with steroids. Application glycyram significantly reduce the dose of prednisone, even in children with very severe asthma and gradually abolish prednizolonoterapiyu.
Under certain endocrine diseases positive results in the appointment glycyram observed in all patients with hypotonic syndrome constitutional nature and the background of the resected stomach illness. The efficiency of the drug in the diencephalic-pituitary form of Addison's disease (as an additional tool in the intervals between treatments ACTH), as well as in patients with the syndrome Shihena and hypofunction of the adrenal cortex, arose after steroid therapy for connective tissue.
The positive effect of the drug was expressed in an increase in allocation of 17-keto- and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids urine, normalization of blood pressure and the sodium content in serum, as well as to improve the overall health of patients.
Adverse effects in the appointment glycyram observed.
In the clinic of skin diseases glycyram studied in the treatment of patients with eczema, atopic dermatitis and neurodermatitis. Sent by them to local treatment (lubrication of affected areas 2 % emulsion glycyram). In some cases, prescribed complex treatment (application of the drug and pills on 0,05 g 2-3 times per day). The duration of treatment ranged from 2 to 18 days.
In a clinical study it was found, that 60-70 % patients with eczema and atopic dermatitis occurred recovery, 8-10 % A satisfactory effect. Neurodermatitis recovery ascertained at 40 % patients. Side effects in the treatment of these patients were found glycyram.
In a clinical study of the therapeutic activity glycyram, the following indications for its use: bronchial asthma, Lightweight diencephalic-pituitary form Addison's disease (the drug is prescribed independently, in combination with ACTH), asthenic conditions and hypotonic syndrome of various origin, hypofunction of the adrenal cortex, due to long-term glucocorticoid therapy, eczema and allergic dermatitis, and disease, in which preparations are shown adrenocortical, to eliminate the "withdrawal" at the termination of treatment with glucocorticoids or to reduce the dose of the latter. The drug should not be administered with organic lesions of the heart and diseases of parenchymal organs.
Sweet Nude – Formulations, Dosing and Administration
Glycated - Cream-colored crystalline powder, very sweet taste. Soluble in water to form a jelly solutions, it is soluble in alcohol, insoluble in acetone, xloroforme, petroleum ether. Melting point not lower 202 ° C (dec).
Assign 0.05-0.1 g 2-4 times a day 30 minutes before eating. The course of treatment 2 Sun to 6 Months. In more severe cases the single dose of the drug is 0,1 g 3-6 times per day.
The dose and duration of treatment is individualized depending on the nature of the disease, the patient's condition, tolerability and outcomes.
Thoracic Elixir (licorice). Structure: liquorice extract 60 parts, ammonia 10 parts, Aniseed oil 1 part, alcohol 49 parts, water 180 parts. Transparent liquid brown, sweetness, with the smell of ammonia and anise oil. Apply as expectorant 20-40 drops several times a day, children assigned to receive as many drops, as a child years.
Licorice extract thick. Get liquorice extract with the addition of water 10 % ammonia. The dense mass of brown, .weak peculiar smell, sugary-sweet taste. Apply as constituens for making pills.
Syrup of licorice (lakrychnoho) root. Obtained from liquorice extract thick (4 parts), sugar syrup (86 parts), alcohol (10 parts). Liquid yellow-brown, peculiar smell and taste. Apply to correct taste in medicines.
Liquorice is a part of the so-called tea diuretic.
Infusion of liquorice: 10 g (1 tablespoon) crushed licorice root is placed in an enamel bowl, Pour 200 ml of hot boiled water (1 glass), capped and heated in boiling water (in a water bath) 15-20 Minutes, cooled at room temperature 45 m, filter, the remaining raw materials squeeze. The resulting infusion was adjusted with boiled water to 200 ml. The prepared infusion stored in a cool place no more than 2 d.
Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day as an expectorant.
Roots stored in dry, cool place.
