Emetic nut – ciliʙuxa – Strychnos nuxvomica L.

Evergreen tropical tree 10-15 m high, families loganievыh (Loganiaceae). It grows in tropical Africa, Asia and Australia. In medical practice, a plant seeds.

Chemical composition chilibuha

Seeds contain 2-3 chilibuha % total alkaloids, consisting almost equal parts of strychnine and brucine. Besides, found in the seeds of plants other alkaloids (airkoluʙrin, psevdostrihnin, struksin, vomicin) and chemicals (cikloarsenal, stigmasterin, loganin, Chloe horn new acid).

Pharmacological properties chilibuha

Galenic plants are used in very small doses as bitters, increase appetite and improve digestion.

Resorptive effect chilibuha most studied drugs in the application of individual alkaloid plants - strychnine nitrate, which, as well as herbal medicines plants, when resorptive action has a strong stimulating effect on the central nervous system. The highest sensitivity has a spinal cord.

The method of conditioned reflexes were established, strychnine that enhances both excitatory, and inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex. When exposed to high doses there is a transition stage in equalizing gain reflexes, paradoxical, and then the braking phase, then develop protective inhibition. However, experimental neuroses in different species of animals therapeutic doses of strychnine beneficial effect on the functional activity of the higher parts of the central nervous system, which is manifested in the establishment of normal relations between the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex.

Strychnine acts on the structure of the medulla oblongata more clearly, than other departments. Under the influence of the alkaloid increases the level of excitability of the vasomotor and respiratory centers and the center of the vagus nerve. As a result, breathing becomes more frequent, increases – FROM, enhanced pressor reflexes and constricts blood vessels of the abdominal cavity. Besides, nablyudaetsya bradycardia, It causes an increase in vagal tone of the central office of the regulation of cardiac activity.

Specific stimulating effect of strychnine on deyatelnost senses associated with the general stimulating effect of the drug on the higher parts of the central nervous system, both at the level of the cerebral cortex, and at the level of its departments subcortical. Strychnine improves hearing and smell, improves visual acuity and field of vision expands. The drug not only increases the functional activity of neurons in the brain, but also affects the excitability of peripheral receptor apparatus, such as the level of excitability of the retina.

The strongest selective stimulating effect of strychnine should be considered as its effect on the central nervous system at the level of the spinal cord. Strychnine in small experimental doses significantly facilitates nerve impulses in the spinal cord and significantly increases the reflex excitability, resulting in enhanced skeletal muscle tone and smooth muscles of internal organs. The stimulating effect of strychnine on the spinal cord is based on facilitating the conduction of excitation in interneuronal synapses and is carried out mainly at the level of neurons, where the drug blocks the inhibitory mechanisms for the transfer of excitation in the central synapses.

In sub-toxic and toxic doses of strychnine causes generalized irradiation of excitation of spinal cord involvement in the process of motor cells, as a result develop tetanic spasms. Convulsive period characterized by generalized reflex reaction entire skeletal muscle in response to any external stimulus. As a result of respiratory muscle twitching may occur respiratory arrest and death of the animal.

Currently ongoing studies on the features of the mechanism of action of strychnine. So, found, strychnine that affect synaptic dendritic contralateral inhibition of motor neurons in the spinal cord. When his action was withdrawn synaptic inhibition of motor neurons at, However disinapticheskoe dendritic contralateral inhibition is resistant to the action of strychnine. This experience has given the opportunity to be considered, motor neurons that exist inhibitory synapses with different mechanisms of synaptic transmission. Currently, as a possible mediator of postsynaptic inhibition, sensitive to the action of strychnine, rassmatrivaetsya glycine, and in case strihninorezistentnogo presynaptic inhibition - γ-aminobutyric acid.

Changes in the electrical activity of the neuro-muscular system under the influence of strychnine is primarily due to its effect on synaptic apparatus. It has been shown, that the offensive unit of conductivity associated with a reduced capacity of the endplate and nonspecific (parabiotic) action of the drug on the membrane of nerve and muscle fibers, resulting in a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential and elongation latency.

Application chilibuha and its preparations in medicine

Strychnine is used as a stimulant of the central nervous system, and for the treatment of consequences of motor paralysis and paresis. , Widely used in therapeutic doses strychnine in various diseases of visual and auditory analyzers; as a tonic in lowering metabolic processes, fatigue, poor appetite, atony of the stomach, etc.. d.

If overdose emetic nut possible side effects: stress facial, neck and other skeletal muscle, difficulty breathing, in severe cases - tetanic spasms.

Contraindications to the appointment of strychnine plants and herbal medicines: hypertonic disease, bronchial asthma, angina, atherosclerosis, acute and chronic nephritis, gepatitы, the tendency to convulsive reactions, hyperkinesis, pregnancy, Graves's disease.

Formulations, Dosing and Administration chilibuha

Chilibuha dry extract (Strychni dry extract) designate the interior of 0.005-0.01 g per reception. Higher doses for adults inside: single 0,01 g, daily 0,03 g. Children up 2 years, the drug is not prescribed.

Tincture chilibuha (Tincture Strychnos) It contains about 0,25 %. alkaloidov (strychnine and brucine). Assign inside (alone or mixed with other liqueurs) 3-10 drops at the reception. Higher doses for adults: single 0,3 ml (15 drops), daily 0,6 ml (30 drops). Children up 2 years, the drug is not prescribed, the age 2 age appoint 1-3 drops to the reception, depending on age.

Strychnine nitrate (Strychnini nitrates) appointed interior (often in pills) and under the skin (in 0,1 % solution). The usual dose for adults 0,0005-0,001 g (0,5-1 Mg) 2-3 Times a day. Children over 2 years appoint 0,0001 g (0,1 mg) - 0,0005 g (0,5 mg) to receive, depending on the age; to 2 years is not appointed.

Higher doses for adults inside and subcutaneous injections: single 0,002 g, daily 0,005 g.

Available in powder and ampoules 1 ml 0,1 % solution.