Malformations of the intestine – Malformations of the bowel

Atresia and stenosis of small intestine

Diagnosed since birth. The earliest symptom of the disease - vomiting bile, further - vomiting, intestinal contents.Treatment: Only surgery.

Doubling of the small intestine

The anomaly is a cystic formation, often have no communication with gut.

The clinical picture - Vomiting after eating. The gradual increase in the size of abnormal formation leads to compression of the adjacent bowel loops and the emergence of the full clinical picture of intestinal obstruction.

Diagnosis is set based on radiological examination or during surgery.

Violation of rotation of the intestine

There is a result of violation of embryogenesis (fetal development and rotation) bowel. When this disease small intestine is moved from right to left behind the superior mesenteric artery, and thick - from left to right in relation to the same artery. This anomaly development often leads to the formation of high intestinal obstruction.

Treatment in most cases the operational.

Leddy Syndrome

Maldevelopment, which is characterized by upward displacement of the cecum, the partial obstruction of the duodenum and small bowel volvulus.

The clinical picture of the disease - Features full high-bowel obstruction. The disease manifests itself from the very first days of life, Diagnosis is based on X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity.

Treatment operational.

Atresia of the colon

It may be congenital and acquired (as a result of in utero infectious diseases, intestinal obstruction and other diseases).

If this disease is carried out only surgery, and early diagnosis and timely delivery of surgical care increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome of the disease.

Hirschsprung's disease

The basis of the disease are abnormal development, deficiency or absence in a particular area of ​​the colon wall ganglion nerve cells and disruption of impulses along nerve fibers. Peristaltic bowel movement in this area no, that leads to the development of persistent constipation in the clinical picture of the disease. It noted an increase in the size of the stomach, long, Resistant lock.

Diagnostics: X-ray examination.

Treatment. Recommended diet to include foods and dishes, increases peristalsis, restorative treatment, vitamins, cleansing enema. In the absence of positive dynamics and progressive deterioration shown surgery.

Dolihokblon

Maldevelopment, whereby an excessive increase observed colon length to form additional loops and bends throughout or only in some of its parts.

The main symptom of this disease - persistent constipation, time of occurrence depends on the number of additional twists and loops. An objective examination of the patient noted a moderate increase and bloating, sometimes - the apparent gut peristalsis. Patients complain of pain in the abdomen, rumbling, constipation, smenâûŝijsâ pride. Expressed manifestations of intoxication: fatigue, weakness, dizziness.

Diagnosis confirmed by X-rays.

Treatment It is administered in the diet products and dishes, stimulates the intestinal peristalsis, belly massage, laxatives (olive, peach butter). In the absence of effect of conservative treatment is indicated surgery.

Dolixosigma

The elongation of the sigmoid colon. The clinical picture is dominated by a violation of a chair in the form of long locks. Allocate 3 the clinical stage of the disease: compensated, subcompensated, decompensated. The compensated stage of the disease slightly disturbed bowel function; in subcompensated - noted periodic constipation for 2-3 days; In decompensated - constipation reaches 5 days or more.

Diagnostics dolichosigmoid based on the results of clinical and radiographic studies.

Treatment. It consists in performing diet (table number 3), laxatives in the form of vegetable oils, appointment of physiotherapy (electrical intestine). When persistent violations of motor function of the sigmoid colon with signs of expansion last surgical treatment - resection of redundant bowel loops.

Colon volvulus

The emergence of the disease contribute to bloat, proceeding with the violation of a chair (constipation, diarrhea, Hirschsprung's disease), and etc. Clinical manifestations of bloat develop suddenly and are characterized by pain, vzdutiem life, vomiting. Possible fever, bleeding from the rectum.

On plain film of the colon above the inversion is determined by the presence of large amounts of gas, below that level - horizontal fluid levels (cups Kloiber).

Treatment: Only surgery.