Diarrhea – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of Diarrhea Disease

Diarrhea – What is this disease? Diarrhea (diarrhea) -the State of, When stating the frequent defecation (more 4 once a day). When the stool becomes liquid, sometimes almost watery. Diarrhoea is dangerous so, that leads to dehydration.

Often this condition called intestinal infections and malnutrition, but sometimes diarrhoea occurs against a backdrop of nervous stress.

Note, that the above mentioned characteristics of diarrhea (defecation more often 4 once a day, loose stools) is the average character. In this case everything depends on characteristics of the organism. Mmm, that normal defecation rates range from 1 times a 2-3 until 3-4 once a day. The consistence of feces also varies: zhidkovato-Pasty and to firmly executed. Therefore, when diagnosing diarrhea should compare the current state with a familiar regime for human defecation.

Diarrhea: causes and factors

Diarrhea is the result of improper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The digestive process is accelerated, that leads to the liquefaction of Kala and frequent bowel movements.

In the vast majority of cases, the cause of diarrhea is viral and bacterial infection. Often deal with e. coli and salmonella infections. These bacteria can be contained in food or water. Often diarrhea is observed among tourists, visiting exotic countries. At first, in such countries, it is much easier to become infected with intestinal infection, and secondly, unusual for digestive tract food can lead to some malfunction.

With regard to viruses, often cause diarrhea are the herpes simplex virus or hepatitis. Frequent diarrhea develops against the backdrop of the admission of antibiotics.

For a complete list of all possible causes of diarrhea is as follows:

• Viral infections (rotaviruses, enterovirus, Adenoviruses).
• Bacterial infections (salmonellosis, dysentery, foodborne diseases, cholera, escherichiosis).
• Bowel disease (enteritis, nespetsificheskiy yazvennыy colitis, Whipple's disease, enterocolitis, Crohn's disease).
• Enzymatic deficiency (pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, congenital intolerance to certain foods, fermentopatii).
• Intoxication (poisoning by nitrates, toxic chemicals, heavy metals, household chemical goods).
• Autoimmune diseases (the defeat of the bowel in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, revmatoidnom ARTHRO, Atopic Dermatitis and other allergic reactions).
• Neoplastic Diseases (Polyps, adenocarcinoma, dyvertykulы, acute inflammatory processes).
• Gastrointestinal bleeding (peptic ulcer, bleeding in the small intestine, bleeding in the large intestine).
• Taking some medicines (antibiotics, laxatives, cytotoxic medicines, antiholinesteraznae drugs and prokinetiki).

Separately it is necessary to stay on diarrhea, caused by taking antibiotics. Against the backdrop of the admission of these drugs there is a risk of developing dysbacteriosis, that in turn leads to diarrhea.

Types of disease: classification of diarrhea

There are several classifications of diarrhea. Depending on the development mechanism of diarrhea happens:

• Secretory-elevated levels of allocation of mucus and fluid bowel cells. This kind of diarrhea occurs when the bowel diseases, including and tumor.
• Motor (Hyperkinetic) -accelerated bowel motility. Meets all causes of diarrhea, In addition to diarrhea, caused by severe intoxication.
• Osmotic-malabsorption of fluid, that leads its retention in the gut. Usually, osmotic diarrhea occurs when the enzyme deficiency.
• Invasive is a type of diarrhea, which defeated cells bowel pathogens. Notes in infectious and viral diarrhea, as well as during dysbacteriosis in the face of the reception of antibiotics.

Depending on the reasons for development there are following kinds of diarrhea:

• Infection is observed at a dysentery, food infections, salmonelleze, viral intestinal lesions, amebiase and other intestinal infections.
• Alimentary diarrhea-develops incorrect nutrition, When allergic reactions to certain foods.
• Dyspeptic diarrhea-is developing in violation of food digestion. Dyspeptic diarrhea can be caused by insufficient secretion of stomach, pancreas, as well as the lack of selection of fine gut some digestive enzymes.
• Chronic diarrhea is poisoning develops toxic substances, eg, Mercury or arsenic.
• Medicinal diarrhea-occurs when the intake of some medicines (in particular, antibiotics), which inhibit normal intestinal microflora.
• Neurogenic diarrhea-develops at the violation of the nervous regulation of motor activity of the intestine. Often diarrhea develops against the backdrop of unrest, anxiety and fear.

Symptoms of diarrhea: as manifested disease

The main symptoms of diarrhea is a frequent bowel movements and loose stools. However, apart from these symptoms, diarrhea can also be manifestations:

• heat;
• abdominal pain;
• headache and dizziness;
• nausea and vomiting;
• bad burping.

Depending on the reasons for the appearance of, diarrhea can be accompanied by a Chair of a different color:

• green color;
• yellow color;
• Black color;
• white color;
• diarrhea with blood;
• diarrhea with mucus;
• diarrhea with water.

Actions of the patient with diarrhea

When you see the first diarrhea diet and drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. If the diarrhea does not go away within 2-3 days, You should consult your doctor to determine the cause of diarrhea. In cases, When diarrhea accompanied by severe symptoms, eg, high temperature, fatigue and other, the doctor should contact immediately. Maybe, It is a serious infection process, requiring early medical intervention.

Diagnosis of diarrhea

Diagnosis of diarrhea is not a big difficulty. Diagnosis can be based on complaints from patients. To identify the cause of diarrhea may require laboratory examination of feces, blood, as well as an instrumental study of internal organs (when, When diarrhea is called diseases of the gastrointestinal tract).

Treatment of diarrhea

Diarrhea treatment depends on the reasons for its occurrence. General recommendations for all cases of diarrhoea is a diet and drinking plenty of fluids (in order to avoid dehydration).

As regards the specific medicinal treatment, It is different depending on the type of diarrhoea:

• Infectious diarrhea. With diarrhea, caused by infection, the patient is prescribed antibiotics, antiviral or antifungal medications, Depending on the pathogen agent. In addition to the funds, eliminate infectious agent, It is also necessary to take intestinal antiseptics, preparations, slow down peristalsis, sorbents and enzyme preparations.
• Fermentative diarrhoea. Treatment is limited to substitution therapy g3x drugs.
• Diarrhea against the backdrop of intestinal diseases. In this case, it is possible to assign specific anti-inflammatory drugs or glucocorticoid funds.
• Diarrhea against the backdrop of intestinal bleeding. The patient is assigned the anti-ulcer medicines, uterine Haemostatic drugs and infusions.
• Diarrhea, caused by intoxication. Treatment is limited to conducting gastric lavage, sorbents and receive funds, normalizing cardio motility of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Diarrhea, caused by taking antibiotics. In this case the admission of antifungal drugs, sorbents and probiotics.

Complications of diarrhea

Because diarrhea displays a large amount of water, the diarrhea is fraught with the development of severe dehydration. In this regard, it is imperative with diarrhea drink plenty of fluids and take drugs, restore water balance.

Prevention of diarrhea

Because in the vast majority of cases, the cause of diarrhea is an infection, the prophylaxis of infection should be avoided. You must wash your hands before eating. Dangerous can be chicken eggs, the shell which can contain salmonella. Before eating the eggs need to wash, and better withstand in a solution of vinegar, that will destroy bacteria, contained on the shell eggs.