Renal failure – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of diseases of kidney failure

Почечная недостаточность – что это за заболевание? Kidney failure is a pathological condition of the body, which partially or completely disrupted kidney function. Distinguish acute (OHN) and chronic kidney failure (CRF).

Почечная недостаточность – Причины возникновения

Causes of acute renal failure:

• Acute disorders of renal hemodynamics (shock, collapse);
• Intoxication various Genesis (insect bites, snakes, medications, household poisons);
• Infectious diseases (haemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, etc.);
• Acute kidney disease (acute pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis);
• Obstruction of the urinary tract and the outflow of urine (urolithiasis disease, tumors of the urinary tract, etc.);
• Removal of the kidney;
• Trauma.

Causes of chronic renal failure:

• Kidney (chronic pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis);
• Metabolic disorder (gout, amiloidoz, diabetes);
• Congenital renal pathology (the narrowing of the renal artery, Polycystic, kidney deficiency);
• Rheumatic diseases (scleroderma, hemorrhagic Vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus);
• Vascular disease (arterial hypertension);

Most often the cause of CRF are Glomerulonephritis, congenital abnormalities of the kidney, diabetes, pyelonephritis.

Почечная недостаточность – Симптомы

Symptoms Of SPD:

• Oliguria (lowering the amount of urine);
• Anuria (the complete lack of urination);
• Anorexia;
• Diarrhea;
• Nausea, vomiting;
• Swelling of limbs;
• The increase in the liver;
• Retardation or agitation of the patient.

Symptoms Of CKD:

1. stage (latentnaya) -patients often have no complaints, possible fatigue, dry mouth, weakness;
2. stage (compensated) -complaints increased and latent stage more pronounced, increases the volume of urine (to 2,5 l/day);
3. stage (intermittent) is characterized by pronounced weakness, fatiguability, thirst, dry mouth, decreased appetite, nausea or vomiting, sometimes develops tremors brushes, fingers, joint pain.
4. stage (terminal) -emotional lability, daytime sleepiness, misbehavior, lethargy, sleep disturbance. The patient has a distinctive appearance (puffy face, serozheltaja leather, brittle and dull hair). Possible hypothermia (reduction of body temperature), itchy skin, ammonia smell from the mouth, anacatharsis, abdominal distention, diarrhea (Chair dark color, has a fetid odor).

Почечная недостаточность – Диагностика

24-hour urine analysis diagnostic methods, protein in urine, biochemical blood analysis, biochemistry of urine, Clinical blood test, General urine analysis.

The most revealing: the maximum relative density (osmolarity) Urine, the value of clubockova filtering (KF), the level of creatinine in the serum.

Почечная недостаточность – Виды заболевания

Types Of SURGE ARRESTERS:

• Prerenal-buds are not damaged, but their function is impaired as a result of the General circulatory disorders (systolic blood pressure < 90-80 mm Hg);
• Renal — renal tissue damage.
• Postrenal'naja-urine not allocated due to violation of patency of urine-excreting tract.

Phase OVERVOLTAGE:

• Elementary;
• oligoanuricheskaja;
• poliuricheskaja;
• convalescence.

Stage Of CKD:

• 1 stage-signs of nephropathy, glomerular filtration rate (SKF) > 90 mL/minute;
• 2 stage-signs of nephropathy, SCF-60-89 mL/minute;
• 3And stage-SCF-45-59 mL/min;
• 3B stage-SCF-30-44 mL/minute;
• 4 stage-SCF-15-29 ml/min;
• 5 stage-SCF < 15 mL/minute.

Почечная недостаточность – Действия пациента

If you experience signs of insufficiency of the kidney should be made as soon as possible consult a doctor (therapist, family doctor, nephrologist).

Почечная недостаточность – Лечение

OHN treatment depends on the cause of its development. When prerenal'noj failure showing events, aimed at normalizing the overall blood circulation.

When postrenal'noj insufficiency require normalization of urine outflow (epicystostomy, bladder catheterization, surgery for urinary tract).

When renal failure treatment depends on the stage. Commonly used tools, increase the power and blood flow in the kidneys (dofamin, papaverine, eufillin, hofitol), funds, stimulating the renal excretory function (furosemid), infusion therapy, hemodialysis, symptomatic therapy. Important correction vodno-elektrolitnogo and acid-base balance of the body.

Почечная недостаточность – Осложнения

Kidney failure causes a disruption of the cardiovascular system (arrhythmia, išemiâ, myocardial infarction, etc.), Nervous System (dialysis dementia, syndrome of impaired balance, delirium, cramps, etc.). When applying software dialysis possible thrombosis, Fistula infection, arteriovenous shunts, tissues. One of the most serious complications-cortical necrosis renal substance.

If untreated, kidney failure occurs coma, death.

Почечная недостаточность – Профилактика

Prevention of chronic renal failure is to ensure timely and adequate treatment of chronic kidney diseases (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis disease).