Pyelonephritis – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of the disease Medicine

Pyelonephritis – What is this disease? Pyelonephritis-non-specific inflammation of the renal pelvis dilatation, cups and parenchyma of kidney. The disease usually affects one kidney. The most frequent causative agent of pyelonephritis is Escherichia coli.

Women are more vulnerable to disease. In most cases, the medicine develops after cystitis rising by. Men do is usually a complication of urologic diseases (prostatitis, BPH, urolithiasis disease).

Causes of pyelonephritis

Bacteria can invade the urinary path of genital organs, bowel rising by (the infection enters through the urethra, urinary bladder, ureters), through the lymphatic and circulatory system. Pyelonephritis can develop if there is a violation of the outflow of urine from the kidneys. In rare cases, the infection spreads by hematogenic osteomyelitis, when bacteria get into the kidneys through the bloodstream. On statistics, inflammatory diseases of the path of infection was noted in the 5% cases.

Provoke disease can start sexual life, pregnancy or childbirth in women, BPH, prostatitis or urethritis-male. Also do is often associated with the presence of urolithiasis. The likelihood of developing the disease increases with decrease of immune protection, tuberculosis, diabetes, gipovitaminose, chronic inflammatory diseases, stress, overstrain, pregnancy.

Types of disease: classification of pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis can be: unilateral or bilateral; acute or chronic; primary or secondary; serous, meningitis or Necrotizing papillit; in the phase of active inflammation, latent, remission. Acute pyelonephritis can be uncomplicated, complicated, catarrhal, apostematoznyj, purulent, jemfizematoznyj. Separately allocate pyelonephritis pregnant. Chronic pyelonephritis can be uncomplicated and complicated. A phase of chronic pyelonephritis: exacerbation, latentnaya, remission.

Symptoms of pyelonephritis: as manifested disease

In acute pyelonephritis symptoms depends on the type and stage of the disease. At the initial stage of bud grows, located near fiber swells. Treatment of the disease at this stage leads to eliminate inflammation without further consequences for the patient's health.

• Symptoms of pyelonephritis in acute phase. During the initial phase of acute pyelonephritis (or exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis) the disease develops very quickly. In some cases, for disease development just a few hours, during which a person health condition worsens. Develops expressed malaise and weakness. The body temperature can rise up to 40 degrees. In this stage occur all symptoms of intoxication, such as severe headache, desudation, cardiopalmus, feeling of nausea and vomiting. Lumbar pain arise, who may enroll in the back, belly or hip. At this stage of development of the disease, usually, There are no urination disorders. Truth, urine due to infection becomes muddy and unpleasant smell.
• Symptoms of secondary pyelonephritis with obstruction of the urinary tract. In this case, the disease starts with pain by type of renal colic, that indicates obstruction of urinary tract. During the period of maximum pain strongly rises the temperature and the patient develops a fever. If the obstruction of the urinary tract is not correct, the attack of renal colic a few hours later resumes.

Actions of the patient with pyelonephritis

When it is important to observe a strict diet pyelonephritis and bed rest. Should drink enough fluids. Allowed to consume low-fat meat and fish, vegetarian soups, stale bread, vegetables, scrambled eggs, Cereals, sunflower oil, dairy. In small quantities can be garlic, onion, dill and parsley (dried), fruit and berries, fruit and vegetable juices. It is prohibited to: sausage, meat and fish broth. It is better to limit the use of spices, sweets.

Diagnosis of pyelonephritis

Restaging used urinalysis, three urine culture to determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics, General and biochemical blood analysis (proteinogram, creatinine, urea), sample Zemnickogo, analysis of urine by Nechyporenko, ultrasound examination. Sometimes used x-ray techniques (review and excretory urography, retrograde pieloureterografija, selective renal Arteriography, abdominal aortography), computed tomography, radionuclide methods (nefroscintigrafija, renografija, indirect angiography).

Treatment of pyelonephritis

Tactics of treatment of pyelonephritis depends largely on, exactly how the disease flows. The scheme of treatment of acute pyelonephritis (or exacerbation of a chronic) and the chronic form of the disease is very different from each other.

In the case of acute pyelonephritis (or exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis), flowing amid rising temperatures, strong pain and the patient should be suppurations previously hospitalized in inpatient Department. But more often than not with timely treatment to the doctor the illness treated in the outpatient setting.

• Enforce bed rest and drinking balance. When pyelonephritis it is important to observe bed rest. The patient must be in heat and in horizontal position. Pereohlazhdenij should be avoided, because this is a serious factor, contributing to the deterioration of disease. To reduce body temperature and eliminate pain take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, eg, diclofenac, metamizol and other. Babies, usually, prescribed paracetamol.
• Antibiotic treatment of pyelonephritis. After, as the diagnosis of pyelonephritis "confirmed, the patient is prescribed antibiotic, most commonly used for the treatment of this pathology. Diagnosis of pyelonephritis provides and conducting bacteriological seeding, the results of which will be known for 5 days. After a positive identification of a pathogen agent antibacterial substitute another more suitable to eliminate microbes. Usually, pyelonephritis treatment is carried out with the use of antibiotics from a group ftorhinolonov or ampicillin in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors. In some cases using cephalosporins. Usually, course of antibiotic therapy for acute pyelonephritis (or its exacerbation) is 7-14 days. If in the first 2-3 days of antibiotics are not indicated positive changes, the patient may assign the conduct of computed tomography of the abdomen for kidney hydronephrosis exceptions. Children with antibiotic therapy is often done in the form of intravenous injection, and after stabilization of health moving to tableted form drugs. If pyelonephritis caused by fungal infections, the patient is assigned the antifungals. It is important to monitor derivitization of fungi from the kidneys.
• Antibacterial therapy in chronic pyelonephritis. As in the case of acute pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis main treatment is also an antibiotic therapy. Truth, in this case, it lasts for 6-8 weeks. There must be suppressing infection, and in the case of purulent process to resolve the problem without the formation of cicatricial tissues in the kidney. After the remission of the disease antibacterial therapy with pyelonephritis conducted intermittent courses. The timing of breaks are determined by your doctor depending on the degree of neglect and disease incidence of kidney.
• Surgical treatment of pyelonephritis. In severe cases,, When the disease started strongly, perhaps, will require surgical intervention to improve the outflow of urine. In the most severe cases with increasing renal failure can be shown kidney removal.
• Treatment of pyelonephritis folk remedies. Many diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract good folk remedies to treat, and medicine is no exception. Effective in pyelonephritis cranberry. Patients are administered Cranberry juices and broths, as well as tablets on the basis of cranberry extract. Besides, When pyelonephritis effective herbs such as black spruce, nettle, oats, plantain, Daisy, the leaves of wild strawberry and other.
• Physiotherapeutic treatment of pyelonephritis. When pyelonephritis is often used physiotherapy treatment: CMW-therapy, electrophoresis, UHF and the other.
• Diet for pyelonephritis. The patient need to strictly adhere to the assigned doctor diet. Compliance with dietary restrictions can eliminate pain syndrome, as well as to normalize the pH level of urine, What is important in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. Drinking with pyelonephritis should be abundant, no less 2 liters per day. After the Elimination of acute pyelonephritis symptoms the patient must go to the plant-dairy diet, and salt intake should be limited to. It is not recommended to use more 6 grams of salt per day. When complicated forms of the disease better salt does exclude from the diet. When pyelonephritis is recommended to use vegetables and fruits with a diuretic effect: cucumbers, watermelons, melons, Zucchini. Should be excluded from the diet of meat broth, sausage, canned foods, pickles, alcohol, spices. After recovery you can return to a familiar food. It is desirable to adhere to the principles of fractional power, giving preference to plant food.

Complications of pyelonephritis

Such complications are possible: acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, paranefrit, Necrotizing papillit, urosepsis.

Prevention of pyelonephritis

Is to ensure timely and adequate treatment of acute diseases of the urinary tract and bladder, suctioning the chronic hotbeds of infection, as well as in the prevention of conditions, preventing the outflow of urine.