Hepatic failure – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of diseases of liver failure

Печеночная недостаточность – что это за заболевание? Печеночная недостаточность – это комплекс симптомов, they are in violation of one or more liver, as a result of damage to its structure.

Печеночная недостаточность – Причины возникновения

Cause of acute liver failure can be:

• -severe hepatitis viral nature;
• -poisoning from industrial waste (arsenic compounds, phosphorus et al.),
• – отравления ядовитыми растениями или грибами;
• – отравления гепатотропными ядами;
• – отравления лекарственными средствами;
• -blood transfusion is not one group with recipient.

Cause of chronic liver failure can be chronic liver disease (cirrhosis, malignancy and t. P.).

Fulminant liver failure may occur as a result of viral hepatitis, When exposed to toxic substances, After autoimmune hepatitis, as a result of hereditary diseases. IN 30% cases, to determine the cause of ful'minantnoj liver failure cannot.

Печеночная недостаточность – Симптомы

Symptoms of liver failure depend on the stage of the disease.

For the first initial (compensated) stage, characteristically: decreased appetite, changing tastes, weakness, nausea, reduction of disability, aversion to food, emotional disorders.

For the second Decompensated, characteristically: jaundice, gyemorragichyeskii diatyez, ascites, uncaused weakness, dyspeptic disorders, gipoproteinemicheskie edema.

For the third Terminal (distroficheskoj) stage, characteristically: kaxeksija, severe violation metabolism, Dystrophic changes of internal organs, loss of consciousness.

For the fourth-stage hepatic coma, characteristic: spontaneous movement, the lack of response to pain, divergent strabismus, the absence of zrachkovyh reactions, convulsions, rigidity, slowing down the rhythm of the EEG.

Печеночная недостаточность – Диагностика

In the case of suspected hepatic insufficiency the doctor needs to find out whether a patient suffers from alcoholism, does he have a history of viral hepatitis, diseases associated with metabolic disorders, liver disease chronic nature, the presence of malignant tumors, what medications the patient is taking.

In order to use diagnostic laboratory and instrumental research methods.

Laboratory diagnostic methods:

• – клинический анализ крови;
• – коагулограмма;
• – анализы мочи;
• – биохимический анализ крови;
• – определение содержания АФП;

Instrumental Diagnostics methods:

• – УЗИ органов брюшной полости;
• – рентгеновская компьютерная и магнитнорезонансная томография брюшной полости;
• – радионуклидное сканирование;
• – электроэнцефалография;
• – бопсия печени и брюшины.

Печеночная недостаточность – Виды заболевания

Depending on the form of the disease, secrete:

• – острую печеночную недостаточность;
• – хроническую печеночную недостаточность.

Depending on the stage of the disease, secrete:

• – I начальная (compensated);
• – II выраженная (asthma);
• – III терминальная (Dystrophic), ends with hepatic coma;
• – IV печеночная кома.

Печеночная недостаточность – Действия пациента

With suspected hepatic insufficiency, the patient should immediately turn to the doctor, self-medication can be dangerous to your health.

Печеночная недостаточность – Лечение

Liver failure treatment depends on the severity of the disease. First of all it is necessary to carry out treatment of the underlying disease, that provoked the development of liver failure. Further, the patient is prescribed a diet with limited intake of salt and protein (no more than 40-60 g of protein per day, to 5 g salt per day). If necessary, patients transferred to tube feeding. Antibacterial therapy beginning immediately after receipt of the patient in hospital. Laxatives are also used to treat, primarily, based on lactulose. For constipation, patients are given enemas. Patients may require hormone and infusion therapy. In case of bleeding, patients are given vitamin K; in case of prolonged bleeding, donor plasma is administered.. There is also a vitamin therapy.

Печеночная недостаточность – Осложнения

When infected liver damage, the development of spontaneous peritonitis.

As a result of opportunistic infections can develop severe pneumonia.

The main complications, that can lead to death, are: bleeding, cephaledema, respiratory insufficiency.

The prognosis for the patient, often, depends on the reasons caused the hepatic insufficiency.

Prevention

To prevent liver failure, It is necessary to carry out treatment of liver disease, engage in prevention of infectious and toxic liver disease. It is also important to combat the problem of alcoholism.