Obesity – Overweight adults – Morbid obesity

Overweight in Adults (Obesity; Morbid Obesity)

What is obesity?

The presence of overweight or obese means, that a person's weight exceeds the ideal range. Being overweight increases the risk of serious diseases, such as heart disease, certain types of cancer, and diabetes. One of the tools, used to estimate the range of weight is body mass index (BMI). The levels of BMI in adults:

• The ideal weight range: BMI = 18.5-24.9;
• Overweight: BMI = 25-29.9;
• Obesity: BMI of 30 or above;
• Morbid obesity: BMI = 40;

Causes of Obesity

Overweight occurs when excess food consumption, and with it, respectively, and a large number of calories (unit energy value of food). The energy needed for the body to maintain physical activity and basic body functions. Overweight occurs, If your calorie intake exceeds their consumption. If this imbalance occurs regularly, this will lead to obesity.

Factors, which may influence the development of obesity include:

• Genetic factors;
• Biological factors (amount and biological activity of certain chemicals in the body);
• Medication, such as corticosteroids, antidepressants, neuroleptics;
• Thyroid disease;
• Cushing's disease;
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Risk factors for obesity

Factors, that may increase the risk of obesity include:

• Regular consumption of large quantities of food;
• Passive lifestyle – people move too little and spends too much time in front of TV or computer;
• Fast food consumption to total saturation;
• The probability of obesity increases with age;
• Excessive alcohol consumption;
• Not getting enough sleep.

Symptoms of obesity

Symptoms may include:

• Increased weight;
• Increasing the thickness of the body;
• There are obvious areas of fat deposition.

Complications of excessive weight gain

Excessive weight gain can cause:

Increased risk of complications, as:

• Early death;
• Heart disease and stroke;
• Diabetes Type 2;
• High blood pressure;
• High cholesterol and high levels of triglycerides in the blood;
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD);
• Some types of cancer;
• Death from cancer;
• Blood clots;
• Gout;
• Liver disease;
• Gallstones;
• Pancreatitis;
• Cataracts.

Reduced quality of life, which causes:

• Decreased mobility and vigor;
• Sleep apnea;
• Joint problems, backache;
• Low self-esteem, depression;
• Infertility.

Being overweight can also affect the course of pregnancy. Some complications include high blood pressure, diabetes, problems during labor or malformations of the child.

Diagnosis of obesity

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination. Obesity is diagnosed by visual inspection and measurement of some indicators, Why apply:

• Correspondence tables of height and weight;
• Body mass index;
• Measuring body folds;
• Measuring waist circumference;
• Testing for violation of the water exchange.

Your doctor may order blood tests, to eliminate the possibility of other diseases.

Bariatrics

Obesity is difficult to treat. Factors, that affect treatment:

• Cultural factors;
• Personal habits;
• Life style;
• Genetics.

There are many different approaches to treating obesity through lifestyle changes. Usually, in order to successfully lose weight and lose weight requires a combination of different methods. They may include a healthy diet, physical exercise, counseling and / or medications. Plans for weight loss may include:

Diet for obesity

Your doctor may divide your calorie intake throughout the day on several stages, rather than receive them 3-4 traditional reception (breakfast,lunch, dinner). You may also need a special diet, which prohibits certain foods. Examples include a diet low in fat diet or low carbohydrate.

Please consult your doctor or ask for a referral to a dietitian. They can help you develop a meal plan, which will bring improvements.

Restricting calories

The key to losing weight – reduction in calorie intake, which enter into the food chain. There is no need to comply with certain types of diets, such as low-carb diet. Much more important to follow a low calorie diet, and stick to it for a long time.

A dietitian can help determine the number of calories. Calorie consumption depends on the current weight and weight loss goals.

Serving size also plays an important role in weight reduction. The use of special plates for portion control can help to achieve success.

A food diary

In a food diary to record everything you need, what you eat and drink.

Exercises for the treatment of obesity

Ask your doctor about the exercise program. Even moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, help lose weight.

There are many simple ways to add more activity in everyday life. Climb the stairs instead of the elevator. You can park your car a little further away, than usual, and to walk. Limit the amount of time, you spend in front of TV and computer, and spend their leisure time more actively.

Povedencheskaya therapy

Behavioral therapy may help you understand:

• When you tend to overeat;
• Why you tend to overeat;
• How to combat overeating.

In conjunction with diet and exercise such therapy may help to reduce the weight.

Weight loss program

Weight loss programs can be quite effective for some people. Some studies show, that a partner or group may help improve eating habits and sports.

Medications for the treatment of obesity

They can be assigned to the drug for weight loss, Taki how orlistat. Orlistat slows the digestion of fats from the intestine. There are other medications, which can assist with weight loss, but it is necessary to consider the impact of side effects from their use.

Medications alone are not an option for weight loss and to support healthy weight. Some of them have serious side effects. There are also risks, associated with their overdose and side effects of herbal supplements (BAD). Talk to your doctor, before taking any of the medicines.

The operation for the treatment of obesity

Bariatric reduces the size of the stomach. The smaller stomach, the smaller portions of food a person can eat. Examples of bariatric procedures include:

• Gastric bypass surgery;
• Laparoscopic gastric banding.

These treatments can be very effective for people with severe obesity, are not Mokuti reduce weight by other means.

Prevention of obesity

Sometimes it's hard to control your weight. To reduce the likelihood of being overweight:

• Check with your doctor or nutritionist about the necessary quantity of calories for the day, to help maintain a healthy weight or lose weight, if necessary;
• Learn to eat smaller portions of food. Many people consume too large portions of food at one time;
• Limit the amount of time, you spend on sedentary activities (watching TV, computer work);
• Consult a doctor or a professional trainer on exercise, allows you to maintain a healthy weight.