Acute Pancreatitis
What is acute pancreatitis?
Поджелудочная железа – длинный, flat, pear-shaped organ, located on the bottom of the stomach. This gland produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin. Острый панкреатит – воспаление поджелудочной железы, which occurs suddenly and passes with proper treatment.
Острый панкреатит – причины возникновения
Pancreatitis occurs, when digestive enzymes are active directly in the pancreas, and not in the small intestine. Acute pancreatitis has many causes. In some cases, the cause of the disease may not be known.
Known causes of acute pancreatitis include:
- Blockage of the pancreatic duct for the following reasons:
- Gallstones;
- Cancer;
- Duodenal ulcer, the initial part of the small intestine, in the area which is the pancreas;
- Alcohol consumption;
- Surgery or injury of pancreas;
- Taking certain medications, eg, for treating cancer;
- Ишемия – недостаточное кровоснабжение поджелудочной железы;
- Complications after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Risk factors for acute pancreatitis
Factors, that may increase the risk of acute pancreatitis includes:
- Alcohol abuse;
- Family history of pancreatitis;
- Previous episodes of acute pancreatitis;
- Congenital diseases, such as the separation of the pancreas;
- HIV and other viral infections, such as mumps or hepatitis B;
- Bacterial and parasitic infections;
- Гипертриглицеридемия – повышенный уровень триглицеридов в крови;
- Taking certain medications, eg, for the treatment of high blood pressure;
- Pancreatic cancer;
- Гиперлипидемия – повышенный уровень жиров в крови;
- Гиперкальциемия – повышенный уровень кальция в крови;
- Mukovystsydoz;
- The sting of a scorpion;
- Exposure to certain toxins.
Острый панкреатит – симптомы
Symptoms of acute pancreatitis can occur once or several times. The re-emergence of symptoms is known as an attack.
In acute pancreatitis can be observed:
- Severe pain in the center of the upper abdomen, that:
- Sometimes it spreads into the upper back;
- Often compounded after eating, walks, or when in supine position;
- Nausea and vomiting;
- Slight fever;
- Желтуха – пожелтение кожи и глаз;
- Rarely, shock, требующий неотложной медицинской помощи – состояние, in which organs and tissues are not getting enough blood or nutrients.
If untreated, acute pancreatitis can progress to chronic pancreatitis, serious illness, in which the pancreas becomes irreversibly damaged.
Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination. The doctor will ask about, how much alcohol you consume, and what medicines you take. Diagnosis can be made on the presence of symptoms and blood tests.
Other tests may include:
- Blood tests, to seek improvement of digestive enzymes amylase and lipase;
- Urine.
Medical imaging tests may be used to assess the state of the pancreas and surrounding structures. To take pictures used:
- Abdominal ultrasound;
- CT of the abdomen;
- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography;
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERKhPG).
Острый панкреатит – лечение
Treatment for acute pancreatitis depends on the severity of the attack and its causes. For Example, If the cause of an attack of pancreatitis is a cure, Doctor can replace it with another medicine or to adjust the dose received.
In most cases, acute pancreatitis is not serious and can be cured successfully. Treatment of acute pancreatitis includes:
Hospitalization for acute pancreatitis
Usually, Treatment of acute pancreatitis require hospitalization. Fluid and nutrients can be administered intravenously, the period of recovery of the pancreas. At this time, you can not have your own food or drink liquids.
If you have a severe attack of acute pancreatitis, вам может понадобиться кормление через назогастральный зонд – длинную, a thin tube, which is inserted through the nose into the stomach.
Also, your doctor may start treatment disorders, bring on an attack of acute pancreatitis.
Treatment of acute pancreatitis drugs
Your doctor may recommend taking:
- Антибиотики – для лечения инфекции;
- Analgesics;
- Protease inhibitors, to reduce the effects of the negative impact of digestive enzymes;
- Инсулин – чтобы помочь регулировать уровень глюкозы в крови.
Операция при остром панкреатите – Хирургическое лечение острого панкреатита
Most often acute pancreatitis requires surgery. Surgery may be needed, when other methods of treatment of acute pancreatitis have been unsuccessful. Surgery can also be used for the treatment of major diseases, causing acute pancreatitis.
Surgical procedures include:
- Некрэктомия – удаление отмирающих или уже отмерших (necrotic) pancreatic tissue. In the presence of pancreatic infection can lead to serious health consequences. Necrosectomy can also be carried out using endoscopy.
- Дренаж через чрескожный катетер – одна или несколько тонких трубок вставляются в брюшную полость для слива накапливающейся жидкости из поджелудочной железы.
- ЭРХПГ – для удаления камней в желчном пузыре или открытия заблокированных желчных протоков;
- Холецистэктомия – чтобы полностью удалить желчный пузырь.
Prevention of acute pancreatitis
To reduce your chances of getting acute pancreatitis, follow these steps::
- Ограничьте потребление алкоголя – не более 80 g of alcohol per day for men and 40 grams per day for women;
- If you have hyperlipidemia, you need to limit your intake of fat and follow the treatment plan, developed by a physician, to reduce the level of lipids;
- Increase the amount of vegetables in the diet;
- Increase the level of physical activity, to lose weight. Highlight 30 minutes a day for physical exercise;
- Check, you vaccinated. It should be vaccinated against mumps, Rubella, hepatitis B and varicella.