Tumors of the esophagus – The cytological diagnosis of diseases of the alimentary canal

According to International histological classification of tumors, There are the following main types of tumors of the esophagus.

Epithelial tumors

Benign

• Squamous papilloma
• Adenoma

Malignant

• Squamous cancer
• Adenocarcinoma
• Zhelezisto-kistoznыy cancer
• Mukoэpidermoidnыy cancer
• Zhelezisto-ploskokletochnыy cancer
• Nedifferentsirovannыy cancer

Non-epithelial tumors

Benign

• Leyomyoma
• Other

Malignant

• Leiomyosarcoma
• Other

Enclavoma

Carcinosarcomas

Zlokachestvennaya melanoma

Other

Secondary tumors

Unclassified tumors

Tumor processes

Geterotopii

Congenital cysts

Fibrovaskulяrnый polyp (fibroznый polyp)

Because benign tumors, that are rare, most common squamous papilloma. There may be multiple papillomas. The drugs found a large number of cell surface and intermediate layers of stratified squamous epithelium, which are layers and papillary structures. Sometimes there are pieces of vessels, lymphocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes.

The most commonly develops in the esophagus squamous cell carcinoma without keratinization, rarely with keratinization. Highly rarely observed adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma, emerging from the mucous glands of the esophagus and gastric mucosa islets, staying in different parts of the esophagus as a result of developmental abnormalities. There are mixed, dimorphic form of cancer of the esophagus, representing a combination of structures of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Orogovevayushtiy ploskokletochnыy cancer growing on the wall of the esophagus, usually, circularly and causes narrowing of its lumen (exophytic growth). Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma without keratinization occur as medullary-yazvei- forms, growing mainly along the esophagus and sprouting in adjacent organs (endophytic growth).

When exophytic growth of tumor cells exfoliated in the early stages of the disease. In the case of infiltrative growth of the tumor grows into the wall of the esophagus and surrounding tissue, while exfoliation of tumor cells is less pronounced and observed at a later date. In the mixed nature of growth and the primary ulcer form of cancer of the esophagus is possible early cytological diagnosis of malignant growth.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the esophagus rare. Cytologically characterized by the presence of atypical cells with no evidence of differentiation in their flat or glandular epithelium. Normally, cells undifferentiated cancers are located in isolation or form syncytia. A variety of undifferentiated small cell cancer of the esophagus is, cytological picture is similar to squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Non-epithelial tumors of the esophagus there are even rarer, than undifferentiated carcinoma, the frequency of them in the first place can be put leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Meets Primary melanoma of the esophagus.