Skin tumors – classification

Neoplasms of the skin is 12-14 % all human tumors. The main role in their diagnosis plays cytology. Because of the complex structure of the skin tumors of this localization are very diverse.

IN Depending histogenesis skin tumors are divided into three major groups:

• Tumors of epithelial origin, the source of which are the cells of the epidermis and skin appendages.
• Tumors of mesenchymal origin (fibroblastic, lipoblasticheskie, angioblasticheskie, mioblasticheskie and hematopoietic).
• The tumors of neuroectodermal origin, developing from melanoditov, perineurium and nerve endings of the skin.

Depending on the nature of growth distinguish benign and malignant tumors.

For benign tumors of the skin are:

• Epidermoid cyst;
• Adenoma of the sebaceous and sweat glands;
• Fiʙroma;
• Gemangioma;
• Limfangioma;
• Leyomyoma;
• Lipoma;
• Pigmented mole.

Malignant tumors of the skin:

• Cancer;
• Sarkoma;
• Melanoma.

An intermediate position between benign and malignant tumors takes ʙazalioma.

Taking the material and preparation of the skin preparations

For cytological diagnosis of tumors of the skin scrapings are used, prints eroded (ulcerate) surface or section of the removed tumor during emergency suboperatsionnoy cytodiagnosis, as well as punctate tumors, obtained using a thin needle (for venipuncture).

Because, in different areas of the tumor cell surface eroded heterogeneous composition, the material must take specialist, who spends cytology in the laboratory. For taking the material used sterile spatula and dissecting needle. The material should be immediately examined under the microscope in native preparations. When identifying a material not only the elements of acute or chronic inflammation, and cells, representing the diagnostic value, investigation continues.

If there is discharge from the eroded surface of the tumor is removed exudate sterile cotton swab and take a spatula scrape with lesion on the slide.

For material from the deeper layers of the tumor pressed against a spatula around the site of ulceration and scouring movements acting collect exudate and lowered the elements for the preparation of drugs. If erosion is covered with scab, then it is necessary to moisten a sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution, after softening a spatula to remove the scab and make scraping until discharge (tissue fluid), providing shedding of tumor cells with deeper layers. In that case, When you can not remove the scab, it is necessary to lift the needle at one end and take material.

If you suspect a melanoma cytology exposed prints with eroded surface or material, which is itself easily separated. Use any violence to get the material in this disease is absolutely contraindicated. Just before the start of radiation or surgical treatment is permissible taking the material by the thinnest needle puncture.