Ondansetron

When ATH:
A04AA01

Characteristic.

White or off-white powder, soluble in water and saline.

Pharmacological action.
Antiemetic.

Application.

Nausea and vomiting (prevention) with cytotoxic chemotherapy (initial and repeat courses, including the use of high doses of cisplatin), radiation therapy (irradiation of the entire surface of the body, Partial high-single or daily exposure of the abdominal area), postoperatively.

Contraindications.

Hypersensitivity, failure of the liver, surgical operations on the abdomen, pregnancy (especially the first 3 Months), lactation (at the end of treatment), childhood: to 2 years in the case of anesthesia, to 4 years — during chemotherapy, all age group — radiation therapy and for appointment of suppositories.

Side effects.

Constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, Ikotech, transient increase in AST and ALT, hepatic failure (possible death, especially against hepatotoxic protivoblastomnoy therapy and antibiotics), headache, dizziness, visual impairment (blurring, accommodation disorders), a feeling of warmth and flushing, CNS depression, paresthesia, weakness, seizures, extrapyramidal symptoms, kaliopenia, tachycardia or bradycardia, gipotenziya, swoon, chest pain (anginal type), violations of the ECG, including blockade of II degree, fever, allergic reactions: hives, bronchospasm, angioedema, anaphylaxis, pain, reddening and burning at the injection site; burning sensation in the anus and rectum (suppozitorii).

Dosing and Administration.

B / (infusion), / m, inside (tablets, syrup), rectally. Adults with moderate emetogenic chemotherapy and radiotherapy initially: 8 mg, Once in/in slowly just before the start of the course or inside for 0.5-1-2 hours before and again after 8-12 h; 16 mg rectally for 1-2 hours before the start of therapy; Adults and adolescents 12 and older can enter for infusion 15 min - 32 mg dose of 30 minutes before the start of the course or 0,15 mg / kg 3 times, for 30 minutes before chemotherapy, and then through 4 and 8 no.

For the prevention of nausea and vomiting later (incl. through 24 no): by 8 mg inside every 12 or h 16 mg rectally 1 once a day, 1-2 Days (3-5 days if necessary) after the end of chemotherapy; in the case of radiation therapy is to 8 mg inside for 1-2 hours before the procedure, irradiation of the whole body every day, When the vysokodoznom radiation of the abdomen-every 8 h during the course.

Adults with high emetogenic chemotherapy is possible 3 Primary variant of administration:

I-once, 8 mg in/in slowly just before the start of the course;

II-in the beginning 8 mg in/in slowly before therapy, then 8 mg in/in slowly yet 2 times at intervals of 2-4 hours or 1 mg/h in/in drip for 24 no;

III — once 32 mg, divorced at 50-100 ml of physiological solution, infusion for at least 15 m, just before the start of the course.

To prevent vomiting in the coming days — 8 mg orally 2 twice a day for 5 days, or after the end of chemotherapy.

Children from 4 to 12 years under emetogenic chemotherapy are possible 2 mode initial administration:

I — once in/in 5 mg / m² just before the start of the course, then another 4 mg inside through 12 no,

II-on 4 mg orally 3 times, for 30 minutes before the start of the course, then through 4 and 8 no.

For the prevention of delayed emesis-for 4 mg inside every 8 h 1-2 days or 2 twice a day for 5 days after the end of chemotherapy. C in order to prevent post-operative nausea and vomiting: adults - 16 mg inside for 1 hours before anesthesia or 4 mg / in, immediately before induction of anesthesia (no less, than 20 from, preferably for 2-5 minutes), or slow I / or / m during the induction of anesthesia; Children - 0,1 mg / kg (a maximum of 4 mg), in / slow to (no less, than 30 from), during and after the induction of anesthesia.

For edema which developed postoperative nausea and vomiting: adults - 4 mg in/m or/in, Children - 0,1 mg / kg (to 4 mg) in / slow. When expressed human liver is the maximum daily dose is 8 mg (total ingestion or single when administered during infusion 15 m).

Cautions.

Do not enter in the same syringe with other drugs. Injectable forms are bred only recommended solutions. Compatible with infusion solutions of sodium and potassium chloride, dextrose, mannyta, Rïngera, cisplatin, ftoruracila, carboplatin, etoposide, tseftazidima, цiklofosfamida, doxorubicin, deksametazona. Before their introduction should ensure that no large particles and discoloration (permitting the container); precipitate, contained on the walls of the ampoule (activity and safety is not affected), dissolved by vigorous shaking; not autoclaved vials, protect from light.

Cooperation