Nicotine

When ATH:
N07BA01

Characteristic.

Alkaloid of tobacco leaves. It is part of tobacco smoke, therein it is predominantly in the ionized form, insoluble in lipids.

Pharmacological action.
N-holinomimetičeskoe.

Application.

Removing withdrawal syndrome smoking cessation.

Contraindications.

Hypersensitivity, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute phase, unstable angina, severe arrhythmias, recent myocardial ischemic attack, pregnancy, lactation.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding.

Category actions result in FDA - D. (There is evidence of the risk of adverse effects of drugs on the human fetus, obtained in research or practice, However, the potential benefits, associated with drugs in pregnant, may justify its use, in spite of the possible risk, if the drug is needed in life-threatening situations or severe disease, when safer agents should not be used or are ineffective.)

Side effects.

Dizziness, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and upper respiratory tract, arrhythmia, allergic reactions, incl. Skin.

Overdose.

Symptoms of acute nicotine poisoning: hyperptyalism, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, breathlessness, respiratory depression, mydriasis, visual disturbances, hearing, convulsions, It can be fatal resulting in paralysis of the respiratory center.

Treatment: intended to maintain respiration (CPR for up to detoxify the nicotine).

Chronic poisoning, usually, It associated with tobacco smoking and is characterized by a variety of symptoms. Typical are inflammations of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract (incl. chronic bronchitis), hyperptyalism, lowering gastric acidity and enhancing colonic motility.

Treatment: explanation of harm of smoking tobacco, group therapy, a gradual decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked, hypnosis, acupuncture, to relieve withdrawal symptoms - the use of low doses of n-holinomimetikov (incl. and nicotine).

Dosing and Administration.

Dose picked with the dependence on tobacco. Appliqué patch spend 1 once a day, treatment no more 3 Months. Chewing gum is applied every 1-2 hours for daytime (to 15 gum per day). Course — from 3 Months before 1 year.