Trigeminal neuralgia - what is this disease, the cause of the? Description, symptoms and prevention of the disease trigeminal neuralgia

Neuralgia nerve troynichnogo (Fozergilya disease) - a chronic disease, characterized by a sudden, intense, frequently recurring pains in the zones of innervation of the branches of the trigeminal nerve, often unilateral. This pathology is often a disabling consequence of vigorous activity limitations, difficulty eating and oral hygiene. The prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia is about 7 accidents 100 th. man. More common in people over 50 years, as well as in women compared to men.

Trigeminal neuralgia - Causes

There is no consensus on the causes of the disease to date, no. It is believed, in most cases, trigeminal neuralgia occurs due to compression of the trigeminal nerve (at the site of its release at the base of the brain) pathologically deformed vessels or, much less, tumor. Sometimes the cause of multiple sclerosis may be, namely the formation of plaques in the exit area of ​​the trigeminal nerve (sensing its nucleus). It is also believed, that the causative factor may serve as a demyelinating disease (including the destruction of the myelin sheath in the aging process). According to some reports the cause of trigeminal neuralgia can be viral diseases (postgerpeticheskie neuralgia), injury, inflammatory processes. Among odontogenic reasons can be identified traumatic tooth extraction, periodontitis and pulpitis, gingivitы, ill-fitting dentures, osteomyelitis of the jaw bones, etc.. However, in some cases, the etiology of this disease remains unknown.

Trigeminal Neuralgia - Symptoms

The main clinical manifestation of trigeminal neuralgia is spontaneous pain. Attacks of pain are usually short-lived (from a few seconds to a few minutes), intense, sweep character. This pain is often one-sided. Often the pain is accompanied by spasm of the facial muscles on the affected side ("Painful tic"). Primarily, patients during the pain attack "freeze", afraid to increase the pain perturbation. Also, patients may feel pain in the forehead, eye, ears, lips, Scalp, nose, in the jaw and teeth, and even in the left index finger. In the interictal period no pain.

Most of the trigger zones located in the nasolabial triangle. The onset of pain may provoke a smile, conversation, gust, Briton, drink or meal, brushing teeth and even touching or stroking the face.

Troynichnogo neuralgia nerve - Diagnosis

The main method of diagnosis of a neurological examination. Among the instrumental methods it can be assigned to a computer and magnetic resonance tomography, which allow to define the morphological cause of trigeminal neuralgia (compression of the blood vessels, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, inflammation and scarring).

Trigeminal neuralgia - Types of diseases

According to the etiological basis of trigeminal neuralgia is divided into:

• idiopaticescuu (eSSENTIAL, typical, primary);
• symptomatic (secondary).

There is also a division of trigeminal neuralgia such groups:

• trigeminal neuralgia predominantly peripheral origin, that is dominated by a peripheral component;
• trigeminal neuralgia predominantly central origin (central component predominates).

Neuralgia troynichnogo nerve - Actions patient

In case of one-sided intense pain in the face should immediately see a specialist.

Troynichnogo nerve neuralgia - Treatment

conservative (drug) treatment consists in the use of analgesics (ihtiolovaya ointment for topical analgesic effect) and anti-inflammatory drugs (menovazin), anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine, gabapentin, phenytoin and the like.), antispasmodics and muscle relaxants, Reverse inhibitors of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine (Duloxetine, venflaksin). The lack of effectiveness of conservative treatment resort to surgical intervention. Surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia radiosurgery techniques are (gamma knife and cyber knife), mikrovaskulyarnaya dekompressiya - operation Dzhanetta (in the case of compression of the trigeminal nerve vessels), injection of glycerol under the control of an MRI or CT, transcutaneous balloon mikrokompressiya, radiochastotnaya trigeminalynaya rizotomiya (selective destruction of the trigeminal nerve), cryolysis.

Troynichnogo neuralgia nerve - Oslozhneniya

Prolonged Untreated (untimely address for the qualified help) possible violation of skin feeding in the affected area, which leads to its thinning, loss of eyebrows and eyelashes. They may also develop depression.

Troynichnogo neuralgia nerve - Prevention

Specific prevention of trigeminal neuralgia does not exist. But, Avoid inflammatory diseases of the nervous system, traumatic brain injury.