Nesaharnыy diabetes

Diabetes Insipidus

What is diabetes insipidus?

Несахарный диабет – заболевание, which is characterized by extremely high urine output (polyuria) and a strong thirst.

There are two forms of diabetes insipidus (In GDP):

• Central diabetes insipidus (Central ND);
• Nefrogennыy nesaharnыy diabetes (NIS).

Несахарный диабет – причины

Posterior pituitary antidiuretic factor (ADG) regulates the amount of water, reprocessible kidneys. ADH is produced in the hypothalamus of the brain. Гипофиз – железа, Located at the base of the brain, regulates the ADH.

Central ND there, When the hypothalamus does not make enough ADH.

NIS there, When the kidneys do not respond to the effects of ADH.

Some cases of diabetes insipidus are caused by genetic problems, others may develop after an injury or illness.

Risk factors for diabetes insipidus

Factors, that may increase the risk of diabetes insipidus include:

• Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland due to surgery, infection, stroke, tumors or head injury;
• Certain diseases (eg, sarkoidoz, tuberculosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis);
• Taking certain medications (eg, lithium preparations) – наиболее частая причина несахарного диабета;
• Kidney (eg, multicystic kidney disease);
• Protein deficiency;
• Some diseases (such as hypercalcemia, kaliopenia).

Несахарный диабет – симптомы

The symptoms of diabetes insipidus may include:

• Increased urination, especially at night;
• Extreme thirst;
• Dehydration (cardiopalmus, mouth and skin dryness).

Несахарный диабет – диагностика

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination.

The tests for the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus may include:

• Blood tests:
  • Determining the level of electrolytes;
  • Kidney function tests;
  • Determining the level of ADH;
  • Determining the level of sugar in the blood, to look for diabetes;
• Analysis of urine:
  • Urine specific gravity and / or osmolality (measuring the level of concentration of urine);
  • Measuring the amount of urine;
• Check the speed of dehydration:
  • Performed only under medical supervision;
  • Urine output is measured over a 24 hour period;
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRT) головы – если подозревается центральный НД.

Несахарный диабет – лечение

Talk to your doctor about the best treatment method. The doctor will work to treat the underlying cause.

Methods of treatment of diabetes insipidus include:

• Для центрального НД – нужно принимать синтетические заменители АДГ;
• Для ННД – диета с низким содержанием натрия, consumption of large amounts of water, diuretics.

Несахарный диабет – профилактика

Currently there is no way to prevent diabetes insipidus. Consult your doctor, if there were excessive urination or thirst.