Microscopic examination of urine
Microscopic examination of the urine sediment is a major component of urine, especially in the diagnosis of diseases of the urinary tract. The main condition of the study - to use Each urine sample clean laboratory glassware (bottles, pipette, slides and so on.), eliminating the protein and transfer elements precipitate from one analysis to another.
Normal urine is clear stands, and after a short standing formed a small cloud, which are homogeneous mucus, isolated leukocytes and mucosal epithelium of the bladder, and women - and even a flat keratinizing epithelium of the external genitalia. When standing any urine sooner or later becomes cloudy due to a change in its temperature (loss of urate) or reaction (loss of phosphates). Immediately singled cloudy urine may contain mucus, blood, pus, phosphate and bakterïï, indicating the pathologic changes in the urinary and genital.
Microscopic examination is subject to the first morning urine. Collect it in vials with a flat bottom and allowed to stand for 1-2 hours. Then pipette diameter of 5-6 mm, with edges carefully opayannymi precipitate was collected from various sites on the bottom of the vial in a centrifuge tube and centrifuged. After centrifugation of urine (15Minutes at -20 1500 / min) carefully poured most of (2/3) supernatant, and pellet was used to prepare the drug. Enjoy a glass pipette, stretched from one end in such a way, the hole was not very narrow, but free entry into the narrowed part of the centrifuge tube with sediment. Both ends of the pipette should be opayannymi.
The precipitate was collected from the centrifuge tubes as follows:: second finger close pipette, omitting the narrow end of the tube to the bottom of it, and then, gently lifting a finger, gaining pellet into the pipette. When using a rubber bulb is very often an admixture of large amounts of fluid to the cake makes it of little use and even unfit for microscopic examination. Therefore, you should try to collect the residue with a minimal amount of liquid, taking him so much, cover glass to precipitate completely covered, and the fluid does not go beyond the edge of the drug. The drug should not be very thick. If the sediment volume necessary preparation of two drugs (visit one glass) different concentrations.
By collecting sludge from the vessel and transferred from the centrifuge tube drops onto a glass slide must be treated as points, determining the accuracy of the result of microscopic examination, bearing in mind, the first collected precipitate and the first drop of material are centrifuged, which in the case of loss of his urine sample from this can not be restored.
Application of the method of agitation of urine before it by injection into the centrifuge tube is not recommended, since then the precipitate is artificially depleted, that obviously reduces the diagnostic possibilities microscopy. Especially it is contrary to the measures, aimed at improving the diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis, When specifically to enrich the sediment (increase leukocyturia) appointed pyrogenic tests.
Do not attempt to microscopy of urine sediment without cover glass, since in this case some of the elements (lipoid grain, erythrocytes, etc..) often not detected, and the details of other elements elude observation.
The precipitate of amorphous uric acid salts (uratov) microscopic examination to be dissolved, wherein the solvent should not alter corpuscles. After centrifugation of the urine sediment is drained (If the draft has urate), in vials pour almost to the top Selena reagent (5 g boric acid 5 g of sodium tetraborate were dissolved in 100 ml of hot distilled water) and recentrifuged.
To dissolve phosphates acidified urine 10 % hydrochloric or acetic acid. Bulk sediment mixed with blood and hinders the study drug. In such cases it is recommended to prepare another drug from the pellet after dissolving erythrocytes in distilled water. Distilled water causes swelling of other formed elements, therefore, its action should not be prolonged.
