Myeloid leukemia-treatment. Symptoms and prevention of diseases of myeloid leukemia

Myelogenous leukemia (myeloid leukemia) neoplasticheskoe is a disease of the hematopoietic system. Mielolakoz divided into acute and chronic. In acute mieloidnom leukemia (OML) There has been a rapid multiplication of immature leukocytes changed (blasts), and chronic-maturing and mature.

It must be stressed, that acute myeloid leukemia never goes into chronic, but chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) never escalates. Thus, the terms "chronic" and "spicy" is used solely for the convenience of, and their importance in the oncohematology differs from the value in the other fields of medicine.

Myeloid leukemia — causes

Development of UML facilitates a number of factors: other disorders of hematopoietic system, ionizing radiation, effect of certain harmful substances, genetic influence.

The emergence of CML is linked to genetic anomaly – chromosomal translocation, manifested presence in North Philadelphia chromosome.

Myelogenous Leukemia Symptoms

Common symptoms of AML include fatigue, decreased appetite, angiostaxis, fever, weight loss, shortness of breath, anemia, increased attack mucous membranes and skin, petechiae (minor bleeding in mucous membranes or skin), frequent and/or persistent infection, hematoma, pain in the joints and bones. It is also possible to increase spleen (splenomegaly).

At the beginning of the CML is often asymptomatic. In the future, chronic myeloid leukemia can manifest subfebrile fever, malaise, increased susceptibility to infection, bleeding. Also marked splenomegaly, anemia; It is possible to thrombocytopenia. Stage blastic crisis flows like acute leukaemia.

Myeloid Leukemia — Diagnostics

Diagnosis of AML includes immunophenotyping and citohromaticheskoe study of tumor cells (painted with special dyes the biopsy is examined under a microscope).

The main methods of diagnosis of CML include an in-depth analysis of blood, bone marrow biopsy, cytogenetic study, Ultrasonography of the abdomen. In case of skin lesions, biopsy is performed with immunohistochemical study further.

Myeloid leukemia is a kind of disease

Distinguish acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia.

According to the FAB classification, UML has 7 flow options:

• M1 – myelogenous leukemia without maturation of cells;
• M2 – myeloblastic leukemia with incomplete maturation of cells;
• M3 – Leukemia promieloblastnyj;
• M4 – Leukemia mielomonoblastnyj;
• M5 – Leukemia monoblastnyj;
• M6 – erythroleukemia;
• M7 – Leukemia megakarioblastnyj.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia is 3 variants of clinical evolution:

• – chronic phase;
• – accelerated phase;
• – Terminal phase.

Myeloid leukemia patient actions

The initial stages of all forms of leukemia usually proceed is hidden. Maybe, drawing attention to the appearance of suspicious symptoms, in time people will be able to turn to the haematologist. Such suspicious symptoms may include fast fatigue, pale skin, drowsiness, frequent spontaneous nosebleeds, poor healing of even small wounds, gratuitous bruising, hyperadenosis, lengthy and frequent ARI, lesions of the mucous membranes (gingivitы, stomatitis), gratuitous use of elevated body temperature.

Myeloid Leukemia-Treatment

The main focus in the treatment of acute mieloblastnogo leukemia chemotherapy acts. Primarily, patients with this disease are used cytotoxic drugs (stops tumor growth). Bone marrow transplantation is performed for patients, who have risk factors, as well as in the development of recidivism. In other cases, the most appropriate method of therapy patients with AML is considered chemotherapy.

When the goal of therapy is to reduce CML growth of tumor cells, as well as reducing the size of the spleen. Treatment the patient should begin immediately after diagnosis, as the prognosis depends largely on the timeliness and quality of therapy. Treatment for CML is represented by different methods: chemotherapy, splenectomy (removal of the spleen), radiation therapy, bone marrow transplantation.

Myeloid Leukemia — Complications

The most frequent complications of myeloid leukemia include the accession of infection and development of hemorrhagic syndrome. Also characteristic is the development of complications, related to side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, applied to the patient.

Myeloid Leukemia Prevention

Preventive measures, to prevent the development of acute myeloid leukemia are to exclude the effects of ionizing radiation and certain carcinogenic chemicals.

Effective prevention of chronic myeloid leukemia has not developed, because the exact causes of the disease are not identified.