Methemoglobinemia is the treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of diseases of Infants

Methemoglobinemia is a pathological condition, due to increased levels of methemoglobin in the blood above 1%, that leads to tissue hypoxia due to its inability to transport oxygen. Congenital forms of this disease most common among residents of Greenland, Alaska, Yakutia and Navajo (United States). Acquired forms often arise from poisoning in the workplace.

Methemoglobinemia is a cause of

Hereditary (congenital) the form of this pathology due, usually, or m-gemoglobinopatijami, in which abnormal proteins are synthesized, contain oxidized iron trjohvalentnoe (autosomal dominant inheritance), or fermentopatijami, where metgemoglobin reductase has a low activity or non-existent (Pathology data inherit autosomal disease type). Acquired (secondary) natal exogenous origin occur in overdose some medicines (nitritami, lidokainom, sulьfanilamidami, novocaine, antimalarial drugs, vikasolom) or poisoning by chemicals (trinitrotoluolom, aniline dyes, chlorobenzene, silver nitrate, Food and water, contain large amounts of nitrates). Acquired methemoglobinemia often develop endogenous in infants with metabolic azidoze, viral and bacterial enterocolitis, diarejnom syndrome. If a healthy person, is geterozigotnym a carrier of genes of hereditary methemoglobinemia, ill this pathology as a result of exposure to exogenous factors, then talk about the mixed form of methemoglobinemia.

Methemoglobinemia-Symptoms

If there is a form of congenital methemoglobinemia clinical manifestations are determined from birth. Intact skin and mucous membranes cianotichny these children (especially in the area of nasolabial triangle, polish, conjunctiva, ear lobes), lag behind in physical and mental development. Later complaints appear on Vertigo, headache, drowsiness, taxikardiju, rapid fatigability, and the emergence of breathlessness.

Acquired methemoglobinemia methemoglobin concentrations less than 3% may not have clinical manifestations. With methemoglobin to 15% appears grayish skin, at 15-30% – the blood becomes chocolate shade, cyanosis appears, with methemoglobin to 50% fainting may occur, headaches and dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath and tachycardia, with increasing content of methemoglobin in the blood more 50% metabolic acidosis develops, cramps can occur, Arrhythmia, confusion and even coma. Concentration of methemoglobin in the blood more 70% is considered deadly.

Methemoglobinemia-Diagnostics

In the diagnosis of methemoglobinemia are used the following methods of laboratory and instrumental studies:

• determination of the concentration of methemoglobin in the blood;
• General clinical blood analysis (detected Gejnca corpuscles, reticulocytosis, increase the level of hemoglobin, ch and eritrotsitoz);
• study on the spectra of acidic forms gemolizata with translation of hemoglobin, contained in them, in the Meth-form;
• electrophoresis on agar gel;
• izojelektrofokusirovanie (using ferricianida);
• determination of activity of NADH-dependent metgemoglobinreduktazy;
• test with methylene blue (After intravenous injection of cyanosis disappears);
• geneticist suspected hereditary form of methemoglobinemia.

Methemoglobinemia is a kind of disease

The following congenital methemoglobinemia: congenital insufficiency of NADH-metgemoglobinreduktazy, hereditary methemoglobinemia, gemoglobinoz m. Acquired methemoglobinemia are divided into toxic exogenous and endogenous. According to some sources there is a mixed form of methemoglobinemia.

Methemoglobinemia patient actions

When it encounters a host or child symptoms, similar to above, It is recommended to consult a specialist for qualified help.

Methemoglobinemia Is Treated

In order to restore normal hemoglobin in severe cases prescribed oxygen, bed rest, ascorbic acid (500-1000 mg / day), kardiotonicheskie medicines, 1% methylene blue solution (hromosmon) the rate of 1-2 mg/day 40% glucose tolerance, lobelia or cititon. In Natal, accompanied by sul'fgemoglobinemiej, conduct exchange transfusion.

Methemoglobinemia-Complications

Natal complication is hypoxia tissue, and in severe cases, death (When the level of methemoglobin more 70%).

Methemoglobinemia-Prevention

Prevention of the development of acquired forms metgemoglobinemij is avoiding exposure to metgemoglobinobrazujushhih substances. Prevention of congenital forms of genetic counselling is considered when planning pregnancy.