Place the liver in the body and its function

The liver is the largest digestive gland – she weighs about 1,5 kg. It is very difficult by the body with an extremely diverse functions. The liver is involved in metabolism, disinfect substances harmful for the body; blood proteins are produced in the liver (albumin, hlobulynы, many of the coagulation factors); She deposited the nutrients. Besides, the liver produces bile, conducive to the absorption of fats.

The liver is located in the upper division of abdominal cavity, predominantly in the right hypochondrium, has top and bottom surface, the front and rear edge. The upper surface is convex and the evil is present with Aperture, lower faces of the abdominal cavity organs. The liver is divided into two lobes: right (great) and the left (less). Gates are located on the lower surface of the liver — place entrance to the liver blood vessels and nerves and exit the lymph vessels and hepatic duct. Here is the gall bladder. A large part of the liver is covered with peritoneum. Under the peritoneum, overlying the liver, is a thin fibrous capsule, that in the area of the gate enters the substance of the liver and continues in thin layer/split liver slices. Hepatic segments consist of liver cells, located in the form of beams, radial going from Center to periphery wedges, and blood capillaries. In the center of the slices is central Vienna. Vnutridol'nyh walls of the capillaries are formed by the cells of the stellate form (Kupffer cells).

Hepatocytes perform numerous functions: absorbing and excretory, involved in metabolic processes, the accumulation of different substances and other. This is ensured by the abundance of specific inclusions and specialization of the individual parts of the cell membranes of hepatocytes. In gepatocite there are two poles. The same occurs induction of various substances, products Exchange, on the other is carried out the bile and side products.

Between hepatic cells, secreting bile, are bile capillaries. The mezhdol'kovoj connective tissue undergo artery, Vienna, bile duct, nerves, and lymphatic vessels. Mezhdol'kovye artery and Vienna break up capillaries, that from all sides are included in clove. In the liver by hepatic artery pritekaet arterial blood, and on the portal Vienna — venous. Blood passes through a system of blood capillaries in the liver lobules and going in central Vienna, that, merging, flow into the veins of the liver, carrying blood away from the liver to the inferior vena cava. The circulatory system in the liver is unique: on the hepatic artery pritekaet arterial blood, by vorotnoj-venous, and flows from the liver venous blood into the lower hollow vein.

Bile capillaries, located between plates of hepatic cells, give rise to biliary tract system. By bilious bile passage comes in the vnutripechenochnye bile ducts, that, gradually merging, form the right and left hepatic ducts, And they, in turn, already out of the liver, merge into the common bile duct. From gallbladder begins cystic duct, that connects with the common hepatic flow, forming a common bile duct. The final takes place in the liver-dvenadcatirstnoj bundle and opens into the lumen of the descending part of the duodenum. When passing through the bowel wall common bile duct forms a veretenoobraznoe extension with a small it vypjachivaniem — faterov papilla, in which it has muscle formation (pulp), regulating the flow of bile into the duodenum.

As it is known, Carbohydrates are one of the main components of food. Complex carbohydrates, Once in the digestive tract, broken down to simpler molecules are absorbed into the blood. In the liver of these fission products as a result of complex carbohydrate chains of chemical reactions involving enzymes glucose is formed. Some of this glucose is deposited in the liver in the form of glycogen reserve, and the rest enters the blood and is carried with the current blood throughout the body a large part of the glucose in the cells oxidize to release energy, spent on the maintenance of multiple processes, occurring in cells. During intensive physical loads and stress the need for energy is increasing and respective increases of glucose consumption in tissues. Bridging loss of glucose and maintain it at a constant concentration in the blood is achieved by splitting a previously suspended the supply of glycogen. Respectively, in calm situations, when glucose consumption reduced, the excess of her moves from the blood to the tissue cells and deposited in the form of glycogen or converted into fat, as well as the displays with urine.

Gall bladder serves to accumulation of bile. Evil is present with the gall bladder to the bottom surface of the liver, in the so-called puzyrnoj Fossa, has a pear-shaped, it distinguish advanced Division — bottom, middle part – body and a narrow-neck. The bottom few extends beyond the front edge of the liver. Neck of gallbladder continues in cystic duct. From the fusion of gallbladder and hepatic ducts common bile duct is formed. Confluence have gall duct into the duodenum is located gladkomyshechnyj pulp, regulating the flow of bile and pancreatic secretions into the gut. Gallbladder is covered by peritoneum only with lower surface, its walls form the muscular and mucous shells; the latter has numerous folds.

Gall bladder bile accumulates and adjusts her movement to a bilious channels. Bile is carried out thanks to the movement of its pressure and reducing gall bladder. Gall bladder capacity in humans 30 - 70 ml. Work zhelchevyvodjashhej system is regulated by nejrogumoral'no and depends on the functional status of neighbouring authorities, eg, duodenal.

Bile is a yellow-green liquid with a bitter taste. Part developed liver bile goes with blood, and the other part of the otcezhivaetsja in a bilious bubble. Bile, going with blood, mixed with it and goes into needy bodies, and also thins the blood and contributes to its passage through the narrow vessels. From gallbladder bile of bilious channels enters the intestines, where is involved in digestion, splitting fats. Bile is necessary for digestion in the small intestine (It promotes absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins — and, D, E, K).

Bile secreted by the liver continuously. During, When digestion does not occur, Bile is accumulated in the gall bladder. At the time of delivery is reduced gall bladder and bile enters the intestines. First, here enters the bile, located in the General bilious channel, then more dark bile from the gall bladder (Cystic bile), then there is the bile of small and large bile ducts, just formed in liver cells. The sequence selection bile taken into account in clinical-diagnostic studies, for example, to determine the localization of inflammatory or any other disease process in biliary tract. Chemical composition, properties and the amount of bile in humans vary in various diseases, that is an important diagnostic sign.

Free bile components are toxic for the body, Therefore, when the outflow of violations or develop bile disturbed digestion and liver function. Gallbladder disease often also occur, as liver disease. Mainly note inflammation of the gall bladder (cholecystitis), that typically occur together with infectious inflammation of the liver-hepatitis, and jelchnokamennouu disease.

Besides, the ducts of the gallbladder may be blocked by the tumor, due to the presence of gases or calling spasms medication. Gall bladder works best with 23 to 1 hours of the night, worse — with 11 to 13 hours.

Signs of problems with a bilious bubble:

• Earthy complexion;
• Bitter taste in the mouth;
• Pain:
  • Under liver;
  • In sides;
  • In the heart of;
• Pain and a feeling of compression of the head and Chin;
• Hot feet;
• Chills;
• Sweating;
• Swollen glands under the arms;
• Pain in hips, knees and joints.

As already mentioned, the liver is involved in metabolism, in the synthesis of blood proteins, some clotting factors, detoxifies harmful substances for the body. It accumulates nutrients, vitamins, produces bile, participates in maintaining the body's immunological status. Among the most important functions of the liver can be noted:

• Heat buildup: liver have the highest body temperature is 40° c;
• Participate in digestion: food digested in the small intestine comes in liver, processing them into useful or just harmless to body substances;
• Removal of harmful substances from the body;
• Education and development of bile: bile facilitates the absorption of fats in the small intestine and neutralize the hydrochloric acid;
• Regulation of blood sugar (Glucose) and storage of excess glucose;
• Accumulation of nutrients, vitamins and iron.

The liver also clears the blood of bilirubin, remnants of erythrocytes (red blood cells), that become obsolete your 120-day 21. When the cells and vascular membranes between biliar ducts match nature settings, bilirubin is filtered out and leaves with bile into the duodenum or gallbladder. And later removes the intestines, staining greenish stool and at the same time exposing it might associate with embalming. If the same State parenhimatoznoj tissues and bile ducts already complicated or even far from the norm (use broths, dairy products, alcohol, varying pathology), part of bilirubin remains in the blood, part of the "warts" on the walls of the ducts. And processing ability of the liver is reduced with each food consumption more. The concentration of bile in the gallbladder becomes several times higher, than in the ducts is a crystallization of the bilirubin stones, that can get in the bubble also channels with bile. The ducts themselves are increasingly delaying brownish-yellow, How to wax, cholesterol. Cleaning the liver must begin to clean the intestines, without constipation and blockages, to slag from the liver came freely, not have caused secondary intoxication bowel. If the liver is stoned to death, even young, the disturbed metabolism and body suffers. Fasting cleanse the liver will not be able to. The best time to receive the drugs at diseases of a liver — after waking up from a good night's sleep, before taking water procedures.

The liver is most active with up to three hours in the morning. About her troubles said dry throat, pain in the right upper quadrant, inability to bend over. To improve liver function, you must eat more fruits.