Meningoencephalitis - what is this disease, the cause of the? Description, symptoms and prevention of diseases meningoencephalitis

meningoencephalitis – combined inflammation of the meninges and brain tissue.

Meningoencephalitis - Causes

Meningoencephalitis can be infectious, toxic or infectious-allergic nature. Disease can be caused by bacteria (meningococcus, streptokokki, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria), viruses (Tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile virus, cytomegalovirus, grippal, herpetic), protozoa (Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma brucei, Naegleria fowleri). Less common are the cause of autoimmunity.

Meningoencephalitis may be complication encephalitis, meningitis, dental or purulent diseases ENT, vetryanki, Rubella, peel.

Meningoencephalitis symptoms

Symptoms are similar to the manifestation of meningoencephalitis Meningitis. patients worried: headache, nausea, vomiting, chills. Body temperature increased. Start of acute disease.

There are signs of meningeal irritation (symptoms Brudzinskogo, Kerniga, stiff muscles, photophobia). signs of brain damage also appear (incoordination, hemiparesis, damage to cranial nerves, anizorefleksiya). There have been disturbances in higher nervous functions (psychical deviations, apraxia, alexia, aphasic disorders).

Possible complications of meningoencephalitis cerebellar abscess and brain.
Clinical picture with meningoencephalitis depend on the type of disease.

Meningoencephalitis - Diagnosis

Meningoencephalitis diagnosis based on the results of serological and biochemical tests, Brain Tomography, study of cerebrospinal fluid.

Meningoencephalitis - Types of diseases

Depending on the nature of the course and causes of the disease are the following types:

• Amebic meningoencephalitis caused by the amoeba Naegleria genera and Hartmanella, that penetrate the nasal mucosa while swimming in a contaminated body of water;
• Meningoencephalitis occurs when neyrobrutselleze brucellosis infection with mild brain tissue;
• meningoencephalitis vaccine can be developed through 5-12 days after vaccination (often after smallpox vaccination);
• hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis (Leyhtenshterna syndrome) It is an infectious-allergic origin and is most often caused by influenza virus;
• meningoencephalitis gummy – meningoэntsefalit in tretichnom syphilis;
• herpetic meningoencephalitis – serous or hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis, caused by the herpes simplex virus;
• Meningoэntsefalit ornitoznыy – serosanguineous meningoencephalitis on the background of severe psittacosis;
• Mumps meningoencephalitis predominantly serous, caused by the mumps virus;
• meningoencephalitis rheumatoid – meningoencephalitis rheumatism;
• meningoencephalitis anthrax – hemorrhagic, It occurs when septic anthrax (anthrax);
• meningoencephalitis typhous – meningoencephalitis with typhus (sypnoj fever);
• meningoencephalitis toxoplasmosis – meningoencephalitis in newborns and infants with generalized toxoplasmosis;
• tuberculous meningoencephalitis;
• meningoencephalitis cytomegalic – meningoencephalitis in newborns and infants with cytomegalovirus.

Meningoencephalitis - Patient action

When you see a person has symptoms such as loss of consciousness, rapid convulsions, eye movement disorder, paresis, urgent need to call an ambulance for him.

Meningoencephalitis treatment

Treatment is carried out in the hospital, depending on the type and nature of the inflammation, and the flow from step.
When viral meningoencephalitis administered antiviral therapy, for diseases of bacterial origin - antibiotics. Regardless of the type of the disease, in addition to the basic treatment prescribed interferons, immunostimulants, corticosteroids.

The rehabilitation period antioxidants used, neuroprotective, means for improving the microcirculation and blood circulation, vitamin B and vitamin E., Venotonic, sedativnыe, antiholinesteraznae and anticonvulsants. Additionally used reflexology and physiotherapy.

Patients, undergone meningoencephalitis, We should be regularly observed by a neurologist and follow the doctor's recommendations. It shows the sanatorium treatment to strengthen the body.

Meningoencephalitis - Complications

Meningoencephalitis is characterized by severe course and a high percentage of deaths.

In immunocompromised patients, as well as delayed diagnosis and treatment of disease may be complicated palsy, epilepsy, parezami.

In children with herpes encephalitis in the recovery period can form cysts Postnecrotic. Characterized by mental retardation, Hydrocephalus.

Complications meningoencephalitis include violations of the brain. In infants the disease can lead to a delay in mental and psychological development.

Prevention of meningoencephalitis

The main means of specific prevention of the disease is vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae, vaccination meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccine. It is usually carried out in childhood.

For the prevention of disease in humans, were in contact with the patient, chemoprophylaxis antibacterial drugs.