Lichenification (lichenification) skin: What's it, causes, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, prevention

What is lichenification?

Lichenification (lichenification) - skin condition, characterized by thickened, leathery and rough patches of skin. It is the result of chronic irritation and inflammation of the skin.. Lichenified skin may be a manifestation of various underlying skin conditions or prolonged scratching and rubbing of the affected area..

Causes of lichenification

Skin lichenification can be caused by several factors., including:

• Atopic dermatitis. Also known as eczema, atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which can lead to lichenification due to constant scratching and itching.
• Contact dermatitis. Allergic or irritant contact dermatitis can cause lichenification, when the skin is exposed to certain substances or allergens, causing an inflammatory response.
• Chronic skin infections. Long-standing bacterial or fungal infections, such as chronic diaper rash or dermatophytosis of the trunk, can lead to the appearance of lichenified areas of the skin.
• Lichen planus. This is an inflammatory condition of the skin, characterized by itching, flat purple bumps, can cause lichenification, when lesions become chronic and scratch frequently.
• Neurodermatitis. Also known as lichen simplex chronicus, neurodermatitis is a condition, in which constant scratching and rubbing leads to lichenification of the affected area.

Symptoms of lichenification

Lichenified skin is usually characterized by the following symptoms:

• thickened, rough and leathery areas of the skin.
• Change in color or darkening of the affected area.
• Itching and feeling of tightness of the skin.
• Cracked or flaky skin.
• Skin texture changes.

When to see a doctor

If you notice persistent lichenified patches on your skin or experience discomfort, itching or any other warning signs, it is recommended to contact a healthcare professional for further examination and appropriate treatment.

Questions, that your doctor may ask

During your consultation, your doctor may ask you the following questions::

• When did you first notice thickened skin?
• Do you experience itching or other discomfort?
• Have you had contact with any irritants or allergens?
• Have you experienced any home remedies or medications, otpuskaemыe without prescription?
• Have you had a history of skin diseases or allergies?
• Are there any other symptoms or problems, that you would like to discuss?

Diagnosis of lichenification

To diagnose skin lichenification and identify the underlying cause, your doctor may do the following::

• Physical examination of the affected skin to evaluate its appearance and texture.
• Detailed medical history, including relevant family history.
• Allergy testing or patch testing to identify potential allergens.
• Biopsy of affected skin for further analysis under a microscope, if necessary

Lichenization treatment

Treatment for lichenified skin aims to address the underlying cause and relieve symptoms. Here are some common treatment approaches:

• Topical corticosteroids. These drugs are usually prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching., associated with lichenification. They come in different strengths and compositions., and your doctor will determine the appropriate one depending on the severity and location of the affected skin.
• Moisturizers. Regular use of moisturizers helps keep skin hydrated and reduces dryness., which may contribute to lichenification. Choose Hypoallergenic, Unscented Products.
• Antihistamines. Oral antihistamines may be recommended to relieve itching and improve sleep, especially if itching interferes with your daily activities or causes significant discomfort.
• Identifying triggers and eliminating them. If your lichenification is caused by exposure to certain irritants or allergens, your doctor can help you identify these triggers and avoid them, to prevent further irritation and inflammation.
• Treatment of major skin diseases. If lichenification is the result of an underlying skin disease, such as atopic dermatitis or lichen planus, targeted approaches to treat these conditions, such as emollients, immunomodulators or antifungals, may be prescribed.
• Povedencheskaya therapy: in cases of neurodermatitis, when scratching and rubbing play a significant role in lichenification, behavioral therapies may be recommended, such as habit change training or stress reduction techniques, to help relieve itching. scratch cycle.

Treatment of lichenification at home

In addition to medication, there are several self-care measures., things you can do at home, to deal with skin lichenification:

• Gently cleanse affected skin with mild, fragrance-free cleansers and warm water.
• Avoid using hot water, hard soaps and abrasives, as they can further irritate the skin.
• Keep skin hydrated, regularly applying a thick, unscented moisturizer immediately after bathing or showering.
• Do not scratch or rub the affected area, as it can increase lichenification and increase inflammation.
• Wear loose, breathable clothing, to minimize friction and skin irritation.
• Avoid contact with known irritants or allergens, that can cause lichenification.

Prevention of skin lichenification

Although it is not possible to prevent all cases of skin lichenification, you can take certain preventive measures, to reduce the risk or minimize its severity:

• Maintain skin hygiene, regular use of cleansing and moisturizing procedures.
• Avoid prolonged or excessive exposure to irritants, chemicals or allergens, which can cause inflammation of the skin.
• Promptly identify and treat major skin conditions, to prevent their progression and lichenification.
• Use gentle skin care products, suitable for your skin type and free from potential irritants or allergens.
• Wear appropriate protective clothing and use protective creams when handling substances., which can irritate the skin.
• Control your stress levels, as stress can exacerbate certain skin conditions and potentially contribute to lichenification.

Used sources and literature

Dinulos JGH. Principles of diagnosis and anatomy. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. Habif’s Clinical Dermatology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 1.

Swanson E. Morphology of primary and secondary skin lesions. In: High WA, Proc LD, eds. Dermatology Secrets. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 2.