Levamisole
When ATH:
P02CE01
Characteristic.
Levamisole hydrochloride - white or pale pink crystalline powder, almost odorless, freely soluble in water; stable in acidic solution and subjected to hydrolysis in alkaline and neutral solutions. Molecular weight 240,75.
Pharmacological action.
Anthelmintic, immunomodulatory.
Application.
Askaridoz, ankylostomoz, necatoriasis, strongiloidoz, trixostrongiloidoz, tryhotsefalez, эnterobyoz, toxoplasmosis.
Contraindications.
Hypersensitivity; agranulocytosis, caused by drugs (incl. history).
Restrictions apply.
Hepatic and / or renal failure, inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis, cerebrovascular insufficiency, acute phase of leukemia.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding is not recommended (adequate and well-controlled studies in humans have not held). Vыyavleno эmbriotoksicheskoe action levamisole in peroralynom accept doz 160 mg / kg (rats) and 180 mg / kg (rabbits). Unknown, Do levamisole excreted in human breast milk, however, it is excreted in the milk of cows.
Side effects.
From the digestive tract: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, ulceration of the mucous membranes of the mouth.
From the nervous system and sensory organs: headache, paraesthesia, peripheral neuropathy, olfactory hallucinations (changing odors), generalized seizures, entsefalitopodobny syndrome (associated with demyelination of nerve fibers), speech disorder, lethargy, fatiguability, tremor, sleep disturbance, confusion, ataxia, change in taste.
Cardio-vascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): leukopenia, agranulocytosis, sometimes fatal (cm. Precautions).
Allergic reactions: skin rash, exfoliative dermatitis.
Other: kidney disease, giperkreatinemiя, increased activity of alkaline phosphatase, uterine bleeding, periorbital edema.
Cooperation.
Levamisole is not compatible with lipophilic compounds (such as carbon tetrachloride, tetrachlorethylene, chloroform, ether), tk. may increase its toxicity, with alcohol (by sharing a syndrome develops antabuspodobny) and PM, cause leukopenia. It enhances the effects of phenytoin, and anticoagulants (requires monitoring of PV with the possibility of correction dose of anticoagulants). In an application with myelotoxicity drugs - strengthening gematotoksichnosti.
Overdose.
Reported fatalities: at the 3-year-old child - at a dose 15 mg / kg adult and - at a dose 32 mg / kg.
Treatment: gastric lavage (If after taking a bit of time has passed), symptomatic and supportive therapy.
Dosing and Administration.
Inside. Helminthiasis: single, adults - 150 mg, children 1-6 years - 25-50 mg, 7-14 Years - 50-125 mg (usually based 2,5 mg / kg body weight), if necessary, repeat the course in 1-2 weeks. Toxoplasmosis: 150 mg 1 once a day for 3 days (2-3 Course with breaks 1 Sun).
Precautions.
Before treatment is necessary to carry out clinical and biochemical analysis of peripheral blood.
The use of levamisole sometimes led to the development of agranulocytosis (in some cases with fatal outcome), which is often accompanied by flu-like syndrome, incl. fever, chills, pain in the bones. In this regard, it is necessary not less 1 times a 3 Weeks conduct detailed CBC. However, a small number of patients are asymptomatic agranulocytosis. Flu-like symptoms can occur in the absence of agranulocytosis.
During and after taking the drug for 24 h can not drink alcohol.
