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Measles (Rubella)

What is measles?

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection. It causes fever, cough and a rash. Once Measles was very common childhood disease, but now it is uncommon, due to the widespread use of vaccines against measles.

Causes of measles

The measles virus is spread through:

• Direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected people;
• Airborne – rarer.

Measles can be transmitted:

• For 1-2 days before the onset of symptoms;
• For 3-5 days before the rash appears;
• Through 4 days after the rash appears.

Risk factors for measles

Factors, which can increase the risk of contracting measles include:

• Improper or lack of vaccination;
• Living in crowded and / or unsanitary conditions;
• A trip to the undeveloped countries, where measles is a common disease;
• Season: winter and spring;
• Weakened immune system, Even after vaccination;
• Born after 1956 year:
  • If a person has never had measles;
  • If a person has been vaccinated before 1968 year.

Symptoms of measles

Symptoms, which usually occur through 8-12 days after infection:

• Conjunctivitis;
• Fever, frequently with fever;
• Cold;
• Sneezing;
• Discomfort;
• Red eyes;
• Hacking cough;
• Sore throat;
• Attrition;
• Small patches in the mouth by 2-4 days after the initial symptoms;
• Itchy, from red to brownish, rash:
  • Starts around the ears, on the face and neck through 3-5 days after the first symptoms;
  • Generally it spreads to the arms, torso and legs over the next two days;
  • It lasts about 4-6 days.

Full recovery, without scarring, typically it takes 7-10 days from the start of the rash.

Diagnosis peel

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and the presence of rashes. Laboratory Tests, usually, not required.

Peel treatment

Measles is caused by a virus, so it can not be cured with antibiotics. The focus is on relieving symptoms.

Maintaining a comfortable state of the organism when measles

• Gargle with warm salt water, to relieve sore throat. Using a humidifier may also help reduce the symptoms of measles;
• It is necessary to treat the fever by using light painkillers, Taki how paracetamol. The cool bath will help reduce the temperature;
  • Note: Children and teens with a current or recent viral infection should not take aspirin, because of the risk of Reye's syndrome. Ask the doctor, What other medicines are safe for your child.
• Get plenty of rest;
• Drink plenty of fluids;
• Eat soft, light meal.

Complications of measles

Complications with measles are rare. Maybe, in severe measles require hospitalization. Complications may include:

• Encephalitis – brain fever;
• Bacterial pneumonia – lung infection.

If you are diagnosed with measles, Follow your doctor's instructions.

Prevention peel

Vaccination is the best way to prevent measles. Measles vaccine contains live viruses, which can not cause disease. There is the usual vaccine for the prevention of measles. It is also available in combination with other vaccines:

• The vaccine against mumps and rubella (MMR);
• The vaccine against mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV).

Vaccination is aged 12-15 months of age and again in 4-6 years. If you or your child has never been vaccinated against measles, Consult a physician.

In some cases, the MMR vaccine is administered within three days after infection with measles. This can prevent or reduce the symptoms of the disease. Introduction immunoglobulin held unvaccinated people within six days of exposure to measles patients. Procedure, usually, It applies to infants and pregnant women.

If you or someone in your family is sick with measles, family , perhaps, They should be vaccinated or receive intravenous immunoglobulin.

Although the majority of children and adolescents should be vaccinated according to the schedule, certain groups must not be vaccinated:

• Person, who had severe allergic reactions to the vaccine or the vaccine components;
• You can not be vaccinated against measles during pregnancy. It should also be avoided during pregnancy 1-3 months after vaccination;
• Persons with weakened immune systems;
• Persons with a high fever or severe upper respiratory tract infection.

If you are not vaccinated, avoid contact with sick with measles.