Description of laparoscopic removal of the colon
The operation is performed, to remove all or part of the intestine or colon kishki.Tolstaya colon is the lower part of the intestine.
In partial colectomy, remove only part of the colon. With a total colectomy entire colon removed.
Causes of laparoscopic removal of the colon
Colectomy may be performed to treat a variety of diseases, including the following::
- Colon cancer;
- Inflammatory bowel disease (eg, colitis, Crohn's disease);
- Intestinal blockage;
- Bowel injury;
- Diverticulitis;
- Precancerous polyps, especially when the family polyposis;
- The hole in the intestinal wall, or a dead part of the intestine;
- Bleeding from the rectum.
Possible complications in removing the colon
Before, how to perform the removal of the colon, you need to know about possible complications, which may include:
- Damage to other organs or structures;
- Infection;
- Bleeding;
- Формирование грыжи на месте разреза;
- Blood clots;
- Complications from general anesthesia.
Factors, that may increase the risk of complications include:
- The presence of neurological diseases, heart disease, light;
- Age: senior 70 years;
- Obesity;
- Smoking;
- Previous abdominal surgery;
- Infection.
How is laparoscopic removal of the colon?
Preparation for the procedure
Before the procedure the doctor, probably, appoint the following tests:
- Medical checkup;
- Blood tests;
- УЗИ органов брюшной полости – тест, which uses sound waves to visualize the inside of the abdominal cavity;
- Бариевое исследование – рентген живота после приема бария и/или приема бариевой клизмы;
- Компьютерная томография брюшной полости – тип рентгена, which uses computer, to make pictures of structures inside the body;
- МРТ сканирование – тест, which uses magnetic waves, to take pictures inside the body;
- Колоноскопия и биопсия – визуальный осмотр и отбор тканей толстой кишки помощью гибкой трубки с камерой на конце.
In the run-up to the procedure:
- The patient may be asked to stop taking certain medicines a week before the procedure,:
- Aspirin or other anti-inflammatory drugs;
- Blood-thinning drugs, such as clopidogrel or warfarin;
- It is necessary to drink, at least, eight glasses of water daily;
If recommended by your doctor:
- It is necessary to follow a special diet;
- Take a laxative;
- Take antibiotics;
- On the night before the procedure to take a shower with antibacterial soap.
We need to organize a trip to the hospital and back after surgery, as well as help at home after the procedure.
The night before, you can eat a light meal or drink clear liquids. Do not eat or drink after midnight, unless otherwise noted physician.
Anesthesia
Используется общая анестезия. During the procedure, the patient will sleep.
Description of the procedure of laparoscopic removal of the colon
The doctor makes several small incisions in the abdomen. Then through these incisions to put the instruments for laparoscopic surgery. A necessary part of the large intestine is cut and then is removed through openings. The doctor sews the remaining two parts of the colon. В некоторых случаях врач может перейти на открытую операцию по удалению толстой кишки. This procedure involves the creation of a large incision in the abdominal cavity.
После удаления толстой кишки должны быть сформированы колостома или илеостома. The doctor will make a small hole, called a stoma, in front of the abdominal wall. The open end of the intestine will be attached to the stoma. The stoma can be temporary or permanent. This part of the procedure can be done, if the intestines need time, to recover.
The surgeon closes the incisions with surgical staples or sutures. In place of the operation is superimposed sterile dressing.
Immediately after removal of the colon
The patient was sent to the recovery room and monitored vital parameters.
How long will the laparoscopic removal of the colon
About 1 – 4 hours or more
Will it hurt?
Anesthesia will prevent pain during surgery. The pain usually occurs when recovering. In this case, the doctor will prescribe pain medication.
The average hospital stay
This procedure is performed in a hospital. Usually the duration of stay of 5-6 days. The doctor can extend the stay, If there are complications.
Patient care after laparoscopic colon removal
Care in a hospital
- If you have a colostomy or ileostomy is formed, from outside the body will be attached bag, in which the waste will be collected. During the first few days after surgery, the patient is on a special diet;
- To prevent the formation of blood clots is prescribed to wear boots or special socks;
- The patient should practice deep breathing, to prevent pneumonia.
Home Care
After the procedure, be sure to follow your doctor's instructions.
If you have a colostomy:
- We need to 1-2 month limit physical exertion;
- The nurse teaches the patient, how to care for the stoma;
- The patient will go from transparent liquid food, on a soft,, low protein diet. Approximately 6-8 Weeks can go to a normal diet;
- Do not use laxatives, because after a colostomy stool is too liquid;
- It is necessary to drink, at least eight glasses of fluid every day;
- We need to ask your doctor about, when it is safe to shower, bathe, or to expose the surgical site to water.
Contact your doctor after laparoscopic removal of the colon
After discharge from the hospital need to see a doctor, If the following symptoms:
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills;
- Redness, edema, increased pain, bleeding, or any discharge from the incision;
- Nausea and / or vomiting, which do not disappear after taking the prescribed medicines, and persist for more than two days after discharge from the hospital;
- Pain, which does not pass after taking pain medication appointed;
- Pain, burning, frequent urination or persistent blood in the urine;
- Cough, shortness of breath or chest pain;
- Joint pain, fatigue, constraint, rash or other symptoms;
- The feeling of weakness or dizziness;
- Pain and swelling of the legs, calves and feet;
- Bloody or black stools;
- Diarrhea;
- The absence of the chair in a bag colostomy;
- Severe abdominal pain;
- Bleeding from the stoma.