Feature punctates for tumors of the salivary glands

Tumors of the salivary glands is 0.5-1 % All tumors. They occur at any age, more common in women and is usually localized on the one hand, very rarely - from two. About 90 % are localized in the parotid gland. The tumors of the parotid glands are often benign. Malignant tumors are observed in 8-46 % cases. The most common (90-95 % cases) They are epithelial tumors of the salivary glands. Because benign tumors often developing adenoma, of cancer - cancer.

According to histological classification of the following types of tumors of the salivary glands:

Epithelial tumors

Adenoma

• Pleomorphic adenoma (enclavoma)
• Monomorphic adenoma: and) adenolimfoma; to) oxyphilic; in) Other types

Mukoepidermoidnaya tumor

Atsinoznokletochnaya tumor

Cancer

• Adenokistoznaâ cancer (цilindroma, tsistadenoidnыy cancer)
• Adenocarcinoma
• Épidermoidnaâ cancer (ploskokletochnыy эpidermoidnыy cancer)
• Nedifferencirovannaâ cancer
• Pleomorfnoj cancer in adenomas (malignant mixed tumor)

Non-epithelial tumors

Unclassified tumors

Related conditions (border and non-tumor processes)

Benign lymphoepithelial lesion

Sialoz

Onkotsitoz

Adenoma of the salivary glands

Pleomorphic adenoma

Pleomorphic adenoma (enclavoma) - The most common benign tumor, which may occur in large and small salivary glands, but primarily in the parotid. In the formation of the tumor epithelium and participate mesenchymal chondroid tissue in the form of structures and mucoid.

In the macroscopic study punctate tumor can be detected tiny pieces of semi-transparent cartilage tissue and mucus.

Microscopically, the tumor is characterized by some variety of cellular structures, since the formulations may contain elements of epithelial and mesenchymal origin. Often dominated by columnar epithelial cells of small size with oval, high (almost the entire cage) hyperchromatic nuclei. The nucleoli are absent, chromatin structure is viewed poorly. Basophilic cytoplasm, It surrounds the core of narrow rim, and some cells completely absent. There are dual-core cells.

The drugs can be detected cubic cells, somewhat flattened epithelium with an eccentrically located nuclei. The cytoplasm of these cells wide, Homogeneous, often light, grayish-pinkish tones, sometimes dark blue (basophilic). It is also possible presence of squamous cells.

Located among the cellular elements of fiber strands and homogeneous mass oxyphilic basic substance, apart, clusters, groups, as well as a "corolla" around globular formations of the base material. In the cytoplasm of most cells detected dust-like grit. Often there mnoepiteliotsity, as well as cartilage and occasionally myxomatous cells with pale stained nucleus and abundant, Process elongated cytoplasm.

In the absence of the basic substance in the formulations verification tumor presents certain difficulties. Pleomorphic adenoma must be differentiated from other types of adenoma, tsistadenoidnym cancer (dilindromoj) and tumor mukoepidermoidnoy.

Monomorphic adenoma

Monomorphic adenoma is characterized by the presence in cytological specimens of the same type, small-sized epithelial cells in the absence of mesenchymal component.

Adenolymphoma salivary glands

Adenolymphoma different glandular cystic tumor structure, the presence of epithelial cells and stromal lymphoid infiltration. It occurs mainly in the parotid gland.

In cytological preparations epithelial component is cubic and cylindrical epithelial cells. The predominant cubic epithelial cells of small size, often rounded shape. Kernels them melkoglybchatoy chromatin structure, without nucleoli. The cytoplasm in the form of a narrow rim, around the nucleus basophilic. Can meet cubic epithelial cells with a broad cytoplasm, containing inclusions.

Cells are arranged on a background oxyphilic intercellular substance is isolated, in the form of clusters, groups, zhelezistopodobnyh and papillary structures.

Among the lymphoid cells are observed mainly mature lymphocytes, but there are also younger.

Mukoepidermoidnaya swelling of the salivary glands

Most often in the parotid gland. It may appear at any age. The punctate tumor cells are found four types: mucous (Mucocytes), vacuolated, flattened (epidermoid) and undifferentiated.

Mucosal can be rounded, cylindrical and goblet shape. The amount depends on the fullness of their cytoplasm secret and ranges from 10 to 20 m or more. Kernels hyperchromic, slight, positioned centrally or eccentrically cells depending on, cell function or not. The dormant mucocytes scant cytoplasm, basophilic, functioning in - Wide, clearly defined, It contains inclusions of mucus, colored pale blue, sometimes in pink tones.

Vacuolated cells are characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles of different sizes. The cytoplasm is almost colorless or slightly pinkish. The nuclei of their morphological characteristics are the same, in mucocytes. Cells are arranged on a background of mucus and detritus separately, groups in the form of syncytial formation.

Flattened, or epidermoid, cells get their name because of their resemblance to squamous cells or cells, vыstilajuщimi Verily. Cages, similar to the flat epithelial cells, usually large, polymorphic, slightly, sometimes pyknotic nucleus, a centrally located. The cytoplasm is abundant, clearly defined, pale blue, Homogeneous. Flattened cells, Similar to cells, vыstilajuщimi Verily, polygonal or rounded shape, slightly, centrally located nucleus and fine or filamentous chromatin structure. The cytoplasm is abundant, fine-grained, basophilic.

Undifferentiated cells - small, centrally located with a small core and filamentous chromatin structure. May contain nucleoli. Basophilic cytoplasm, sometimes it contains large acidophilic inclusion.

Cytology mukoepidermoidnoy tumor diagnosis because of the diversity of cellular composition, the quantity and color of the basic substance, the presence in varying degrees of cellular atypia expressed considerable difficulties. According to most researchers, mukoepidermoidnaya tumor is malignant.

Atsinoznokletochnaya swelling of the salivary glands

The substrate is represented by tumor cells, similar to serotsitami end sections of the salivary glands. It develops mainly in women over the age of 40 years. It grows slowly, It has locally degraded growth. According to the literature, the tumor should be considered as malignant.

Microscopic specimens are found in the field and solid cell strands of medium size and larger with small hyperchromatic, eccentrically located nucleus and abundant vacuolated basophilic cytoplasm, containing grain pink. Chance cubic cells are detected and columnar epithelium, lining the ducts of the salivary gland, and sometimes cells with abundant clear cytoplasm, containing grain pink. In some cases, tumor cells detected among oxyphilic compound as pulps and homogeneous formation of rounded shape.

Цilindroma (tsistadenoidnыy cancer) salivary glands

Rarely. Most often localized in the minor salivary glands, especially palatal, often it recurs and metastasizes. In children it is rare. A special feature of this tumor is, its cells produce a homogeneous translucent substance, resembles hyaline cartilage. The accumulation of this substance in the lumen of glandular tumor strokes gives it a cylindrical shape, what has caused the name of the tumor.

Cytological preparations are characterized by relatively monomorphic cellular composition. Round-shaped cells found small size with hyperchromatic nucleus, occupies almost the entire cage and having 1-2 nucleoli. The cytoplasm of the cells is narrow, basophilic. Besides, there are a few larger round cells, Oval and other shapes, with hypochromic nuclei, having delicate chromatin structure and contain a large number of nucleoli. The cytoplasm of these cells is also quite narrow, pale blue tones.

Often drug detected cells, devoid of the cytoplasm. Both types of cells are located separately, Truppen, in rows, zhelezopodobnymi complexes on the background of the basic substance. It is also characteristic of the preparation of balls of different sizes or, less often, other (outstretched, oval, fusiform) form homogeneous, oxyphilic colored masses of the basic substance. Among the mono- morphic cells cylindrically shaped cells can occur with severe signs of atypia, which is typical for a malignant clinical course of the disease.

The salivary glands can develop adenocarcinoma, epidermoid and undifferentiated carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma slyunnykh jyelyez

The tumor is usually associated with histogenetic ducts of the salivary glands, It consists of malignant cells, forming glandular and papillary structure and is similar to cancer of the milk ducts of the mammary glands.

Squamous (epidermoid) cancer of the salivary glands

On histological structure and morphology of the cells is no different from squamous cell carcinoma of other sites.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary glands

Undifferentiated cancer cells microscopically characterized by elongated and round shape with cytoplasm in the form of a small rim. Kernels round, oval, bean-shaped, hyperchromatic, It occupies almost the entire cage. The structure of chromatin in the nucleus is determined by the bad, although in some of the cells can be distinguished its net structure. According to the international classification of tumors, It is a cancer of the elongated cells and spheroidal cell carcinoma.

Cancer pleomorphic adenoma

Cancer pleomorphic adenoma - a malignant mixed tumor. It is characterized by the presence of the elements of malignant growth and structures, pleomorphic adenoma characteristic.