Ketamine

When ATH:
N01AX03

Characteristic.

White or almost white crystalline powder with a faint characteristic odor. The easily soluble in water and alcohol, aqueous solutions of pH 3.5-4.5.

Pharmacological action.
Anesthesia, analgesic, snotvornoe.

Application.

Induction, basic anesthesia for pain and painful short-term operations of instrumental interventions (incl. dental, ophthalmological, ENT, gynecological and obstetric practice, and diagnostic procedures, endoscopy, cardiac catheterization and others.), during emergency surgery in patients with traumatic shock and blood loss, anesthesia during transportation of patients, the processing burn surface.

Contraindications.

Hypersensitivity, cerebrovascular accident, arterial hypertension, preэklampsiya, eclampsia, alcoholism, epilepsy in children.

Restrictions apply.

Kidney, angina, decompensated heart failure, surgery on the larynx and the pharynx.

Side effects.

Increased blood pressure, tachycardia, drooling, nausea, breathlessness, depression of the respiratory center, muscle rigidity and increase muscle activity, upper airway obstruction due to spasm of the masticatory muscles and the tongue. Between exit status of narcosis-hallucinations, psychomotor agitation, disorientation and prolonged, psychosis. Soreness and redness along the vein at the injection site.

Cooperation.

It enhances the effect of inhaled anesthetic agents. Deepens miorelaxation, tubocurarine chloride and caused ditilinom, does not change — Pancuronium bromide and suktinilholinom. During anesthesia patients, taking iodine-containing drugs, and thyroid hormones, likely to develop hypertension and tachycardia (eliminated beta-blockers). Droperidol and diazepam weaken risk psychotomimetic manifestations and motor activity, as well as the occurrence of tachycardia and hypertension. Pharmaceutical incompatible with barbiturates.

Dosing and Administration.

B /, adults — in a dose of 1-4 mg/kg, children-0.5-4.5 mg/kg. The initial dose to obtain a narcotizing effect-0.7-2 mg/kg, introduced slowly over 60 from, the average dose for anesthesia lasting 5-10 minutes — 2 mg / kg, repeated administration apply 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the initial dose or use a drip 0,1% solution (to saline or glucose solution) at a rate of 20-60 drops per minute; debilitated patients, the elderly and patients in shock administered at a dose of 0,5 mg / kg, total input dose for adults is 2-6 mg/kg/h.

/ M, dose 6.5-13 mg/kg (for children 2-5 mg/kg) It causes anesthesia lasting 12-25 minutes.