Stones in the kidneys – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of diseases of kidney stones

Камни в почках – что это заз заболевание? Камни в почках – это солевые конкременты, formed in the kidney as a result of the breach of colloid balance in the body with urolithiasis (nephrolithiasis).

This problem is quite common, According to statistics, urolithiasis suffers 1 from 200 man. The most susceptible to the disease people aged 20 to 50 years.

Камни в почках – Причины возникновения

As a result of the breach of mineral metabolism crystallization of urine, which in itself is full of salts. The cause of this may be genetic (congenital), and purchased (as exogenous, and endogenous). To external factors, behind the process of stone formation, can be attributed to poor nutrition (excessive consumption of salt and spices), dehydration, deficiency of vitamins D and A, and the consumption of drinking water, rich limestone salts. For internal reasons education kidney stones include violation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands (their school), the presence of osteomyelitis, osteoporosis, spine traumas and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (ulcer, gastritis or colitis). Besides, It should be noted, that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lithogenesis plays unfavourable local conditions in the urinary tract (infection, prostatitis, gidronefroz, diverticulitis).

Камни в почках – Симптомы

The main symptoms urolithiasis are pain in the lower back and a burning sensation when urinating. Depending on the severity of the pain can be a subtle disease (nagging, pristupoobraznoj), and can be harsh and pretty strong (the so-called renal colic). In some cases, independent releases of stones and their allergy in urine. Against the backdrop of kidney colic likely breath urination, accompanied by pain. In some cases, renal colic pain could be so strong, that it can only be countered by the introduction of Narcotic analgesics. Also may develop oliguria, anurii, and fever.

Камни в почках – Диагностика

Diagnosis of urolithiasis is carried out on the basis of anamnesis (the existence of a typical picture of renal colic), as well as laboratory research. It is necessary to conduct an overall analysis of urine for the presence in it of fresh red blood cells, proteins and salts, as well as biochemical analysis of urine to detect the composition of kidney stones. To identify kidney stones applied radiography (urography and pielografia). In some cases it might be kidney CT and MRI.

The differential diagnosis of urolithiasis is needed with severe appendicitis and acute cholecystitis. This may require conducting ultrasound kidney.

Камни в почках – Виды заболевания

Kidney stones are classified according to their chemical composition. So, identify the following types of stones:

• • кальций-фосфатные камни (apatite, vitlokit, brushit);
• • кальций-оксалатные камни (vedellit, vevellit);
• • кислотные камни (ammonium urate and loss of sodium);
• • магниевые камни (n'juberit, struvit);
• • цистиновые камни (protein);
• • камни смешанного состава.

Камни в почках – Действия пациента

When detecting the first symptoms urolithiasis (back pain, burning sensation when urinating) We recommend that you consult a specialist, because it is extremely important to start treatment of stones at an earlier stage of disease, to prevent the formation of large stones.

Камни в почках – Лечение

Treatment nefrolitiaza (urolithiasis) primarily aimed at the removal of kidney stones. This can be done as a conservative, and surgically (depending on the severity of the disease, size and chemical composition of stones). Stones measuring up to 3 mm can be derived naturally together with urine. To stimulate this process is assigned a certain diet (excluding offal and meat) and excessive drinking. Depending on the chemical composition of rocks, may be alkaline or acid supplementation of mineral waters. May also apply some medications, to facilitate the dissolution of stones, diuretic medicines, antibiotics, antispasmodics and nitrofurans. In the case of renal colic are appointed by an injection of morphine, Dior becomes House or platifillina. If you have large stones shows their surgical removal. Possible removal is performed non-invasive and miniinvasive (Remote lithotripsy, perkutornaja lithotripsy, laparoscopy).

Камни в почках – Осложнения

Complication of urolithiasis can become kal'kuljoznyj pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic cystitis, uretrit, gidropionefroz or chronic liver failure.

Камни в почках – Профилактика

Prevention of Kidney stone formation is, Firstly, healthy lifestyle and nutrition. Should not be abused and salty food. We also recommend that you carry out a timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the urinary system.