Stroke-treatment. Symptoms and prevention of the disease Stroke

Stroke is an acute violation of cerebral circulation, characterized by the appearance of a focal or obshhemozgovoj of neurological symptoms.

In the structure of mortality, stroke ranks third after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. About 2/3 cases of stroke occur with the elderly (after 60 years).

Stroke: causes and factors

Cause of stroke is a violation of the circulatory system in a certain area of the brain, arising from clogging and bursting in the brain. The reason for the blockage can be embolism or thrombosis. Rupture of an artery to the brain can occur due to hypertension, congenital malformation of blood vessels (the weak walls of vessels), Aneurysm, severe injuries.

Factors, increase the likelihood of stroke, are:

• Advanced age. The older man, the higher the likelihood of brain stroke. The condition of the vessels is deteriorating with age, as well as have a negative impact on brain circulation chronic diseases, which age becomes more.
• Taking certain medications. Some medications (with a long reception) increase the likelihood of developing heart disease. The risk of stroke increases when taking oral contraceptives, that contain estrogens.
• Arterial hypertension. Especially careful you have to be pregnant women with hypertension and receiving oral contraceptives.
• Cardiovascular diseases.
• Bad habits, especially all. Smoking and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages is considered an important precipitating factor against stroke. Smoking and alcohol together greatly increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease, that in turn contributes to stroke.
• Diabetes.
• Stenosis of arteries sonnыh.

Types of disease: classification of stroke

There are several types of stroke:

• Ischemic stroke (infarction of brain). This is the most common type of stroke, of approximately 80% all cases. This type of stroke is an acute disorders of the circulatory system in a specific part of the brain.
• Hemorrhagic stroke (vnutrimozgovaja hematoma). Represents a particular piece of brain blood permeation. Is approximately 10% all cases.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage. This condition develops due to rupture of blood vessels of the brain shell. On subarahnoid hemorrhage accounts for approximately 5% all cases.
• Massive stroke. This collective term, combining the name of massive strokes. Massive stroke corresponds to a severe stroke with a fairly pronounced obshhemozgovymi symptoms.
• Lakunarnyj stroke. This is one of the varieties of ischemic stroke. This type of stroke characterized by limited defeat a small artery perforatnyh. The name of this kind of stroke has received due to the fact, that heart attack formed gaps, filled with liquid. On statistics, the lakunarnyj stroke accounts for up to 20% cases of ischemic stroke. Lakunarnyj stroke occurs equally in men and women. Most often, this pathology is diagnosed in persons aged 48-75 years. The most common cause of lakunarnogo stroke supports arteriosclerosis amid arterial hypertension.
• Spinal stroke. This kind of stroke is an acute disorders of the circulatory system in the spinal cord. Cause of spinal stroke often ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes in the brain. Most often spinal stroke is localized in the major arteries of the cervical or lumbar thickening or small branches reticulo-medulljarnyh arteries.

Yet 5% cases of stroke develop for unknown reasons.

Symptoms of stroke: as manifested disease

Symptoms of stroke include:

• sudden weakness, numbness, paralysis of the facial muscles, limb (usually on one side of the body);
• speech disorder;
• sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes;
• dizziness and severe headache;
• loss of balance and gait.

When you see these symptoms need to call an ambulance!

The most common symptoms of a stroke can be divided into two conditional group:

• Obshhemozgovye symptoms. It's symptoms, which are associated with brain damage. These symptoms include dizziness, State of stun or arousal.
• Focal symptoms. These include sudden paresis, Paralič, as well as symptoms such as loss of vision, to change the position of the pupil, uncertain speech, coordination of movement, neck stiffness and other.

Understanding the symptoms of stroke is extremely important, Since the hope for a favorable outcome in stroke can be, If you start treatment within 3-6 hours after vascular catastrophe. The first signs of hemorrhagic stroke is a brain hemorrhage, and in ischemic stroke-Necrotizing plot in the brain. These signs can be detected using instrumental Diagnostics, in particular, CT, MRI and EEG.

Actions of the patient with stroke

When symptoms of a stroke, there is an urgent need to call an ambulance.

Diagnosis of Stroke

The most important diagnostic studies in stroke are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic-resonance tomography (MRT). In most cases using computed tomography manages to distinguish "fresh" brain haemorrhage from other types of stroke.

Using MRI to determine sites of ischemia, as well as to estimate the prevalence of ischemic brain lesions. MRI to distinguish ischemic stroke from hemorrhagic, as well as to determine the exact location of the affected area and its dimensions. Besides, with MRI can exclude other diseases, give similar symptoms.

In ischemic stroke are also conducted additional research, such as ULTRASOUND of the neck and brain vessels, echocardiography, cerebral angiography, Holter monitoring and other research methods.

Stroke care

Obshheterapevticheskie treatment of stroke is aimed at normalizing the functions of the cardiovascular system, external respiration functions, reduce swelling of the brain, and the prevention and treatment of complications.

In ischemic stroke restoration of blood flow in the affected areas is carried out with the help of antiplatelet agents, antykoahulyantov, neuroprotectors (cavinton and etc) and nootropics (picamilon). If necessary, surgical treatment is applied. Normal operation of the brain is supported with antioxidants, vitamin preparations, as well as medicines, improve energy and tissue metabolism.

Hemorrhagic stroke when appointed angioprotectors, vasoactive drugs. The most effective treatment for hemorrhagic stroke is surgical intervention.

Complications of stroke

Stroke can cause prolonged coma, muscle paresis or paralysis of certain parts of the body. Stroke leads to disturbance of intelligence and memory. Heavy stroke can lead to death of the patient.

Stroke Prevention

Prevention of stroke is reduced to a regular measurement of blood pressure. People with hypertension should be especially cautious and follow all your doctor's advice about taking medication, regular lessons with physical exercise and dietary restrictions. The probability of stroke dropping, If you quit smoking and control blood sugar levels.