Cholelithiasis – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of the disease, cholelithiasis

Cholelithiasis – What is this disease? Cholelithiasis or cholelithiasis – Education concrements in the gall bladder and bile ducts. The occurrence of gallstones can cause development of cholecystitis.

While not a complicated form of disease applied conservative treatment. With more severe disease need surgery.

Cholelithiasis – The cause of the

The most common kind of gallstones are cholesterol stones, they can lokalizirovat'sja and gallstones, and in the bile ducts.

Risk factors, that can lead to the development of cholelithiasis:

• – unbalanced and unhealthy diet;
• – overweight;
• – the gender factor (women get sick twice as often, than men);
• – regular hormonal contraception;
• -heredity.
• Education biliary stones, as a consequence of diseases:
• – diabetes;
• – cirrhosis of the liver;
• – giperparatireoz;
• – Crohn's disease, nespetsificheskiy yazvennыy colitis.

Cholelithiasis symptoms

Only a third of patients with jelchnokamennouu disease notes manifestation of the characteristic symptoms of the disease, the rest of the patients might not guess about the existence of such problems.

Often clinical causes of bile duct stone formation, less often, When formations located in the gallbladder.

The main clinical manifestations of disease:

• -a feeling of heaviness or overcrowding of the stomach, especially after eating fatty foods, alcohol and coffee drinks;
• – feeling of nausea, heartburn, belching, abdominal distention.
• Biliary colic symptoms:
• – severe pain, have shvatkoobraznyj nature, localized in the upper abdomen and directing in the chest area;
• – nausea and vomiting;
• – chills and high fever;
• – yellowing of the whites of the eyes and skin in that case, if the calculus blocks the bile duct, thereby causing stagnation of bile in the liver.

Attack bile colic may last from several hours to several days.

Cholelithiasis – Diagnostics

The main methods of diagnosis:

• – medical history;
• – laboratory methods (general blood analysis);
• – ULTRASOUND – diagnostics;
• – Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ERCP (ERCP).

Cholelithiasis – Types of disease

The composition of the stones can be of several types:

• – cholesterol;
• – pigment cholesterol;
• – cholesterol-pigment-calcareous;
• – pigment;
• – lime.

In the international system conventionally distinguish two main types of lithogenesis in bilious ways:

• – primary;
• – secondary.

Primary cholesterol stones are the most common type of concrements, which are formed in patients and is more than 75-80 % all cases.

Causes of pigment concrements studied not enough, considered, they are formed as a result of the breach of pigment Exchange in various forms of hemolytic anemias.

Primary lime stones, are extremely rare and can occur only when hypercalcemia, related giperparatireozom.

Secondary characteristic calcification in more pigment and, to a lesser extent for holesterinovykh concrements, often, occurs in infected bilious ways.

Cholelithiasis – Actions of the patient

The patient requires medical assistance, because the disease can give many unwanted complications.

Cholelithiasis treatment

In the case of acute Biliary colic, be sure to consult your doctor for help. Symptomatic treatment is applied first, used analgesic drugs and muscle relaxers. In most cases, After removing the pain syndrome, need surgery.

Operational methods of treatment:

1. Cholecystectomy, fundamental method of treatment, in which the removal of the gall bladder. Its application may, only in the case of, when inflammatory or purulent-inflammatory processes develop in the gallbladder. Conduct minimally invasive endoscopic surgery method.

2. When, When the stones are localized in the bile ducts, removing them may endoscopic method (ERCP).

Other treatments:

• – Method of remote shock-wave lithotripsy, allows you to split the stones are small in size;
• – Medication, aimed at dissolving formed stones.
• When using the above methods in 50 % cases occur repeated formation of stones.

Cholelithiasis – Complications

Possible complications of the disease:

• – cholecystitis, until empiema gall bladder;
• – jaundice;
• – liver;
• – ileus;
• – pancreatitis;
• – education of external and internal biliary fistula;
• – obstruction of bile duct;
• – rupture of the gallbladder;
• – peritonitis;
• – abdominal abscess;
• – in extremely rare cases of gallbladder cancer.

Prevention of cholelithiasis

Cholelithiasis prevention recommended:

• – a balanced diet;
• – healthy lifestyle;
• – drinking enough liquid per kilogram of weight;
• – normalization of weight;
• – timely and proper treatment of diseases of the DIGESTIVE TRACT and organs peritoneum.