Cholelithiasis – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of the disease, cholelithiasis

Холелитиаз – что это за болезнь? Холелитиаз или желчнокаменная болезнь – образование конкрементов в желчном пузыре и желчных протоках. The occurrence of gallstones can cause development of cholecystitis.

While not a complicated form of disease applied conservative treatment. With more severe disease need surgery.

Холелитиаз – Причины возникновения

The most common kind of gallstones are cholesterol stones, they can lokalizirovat'sja and gallstones, and in the bile ducts.

Risk factors, that can lead to the development of cholelithiasis:

• – несбалансированное и неправильное питание;
• – избыточный вес;
• – гендерный фактор (women get sick twice as often, than men);
• – регулярный приём гормональных противозачаточных средств;
• -heredity.
• Education biliary stones, as a consequence of diseases:
• – сахарный диабет;
• – цирроз печени;
• – гиперпаратиреоз;
• - Crohn's disease, nespetsificheskiy yazvennыy colitis.

Cholelithiasis symptoms

Only a third of patients with jelchnokamennouu disease notes manifestation of the characteristic symptoms of the disease, the rest of the patients might not guess about the existence of such problems.

Often clinical causes of bile duct stone formation, less often, When formations located in the gallbladder.

The main clinical manifestations of disease:

• -a feeling of heaviness or overcrowding of the stomach, especially after eating fatty foods, alcohol and coffee drinks;
• – чувство тошноты, heartburn, belching, abdominal distention.
• Biliary colic symptoms:
• – сильные болевые ощущения, have shvatkoobraznyj nature, localized in the upper abdomen and directing in the chest area;
• – тошнота и рвота;
• – озноб и высокая температура;
• – пожелтение белков глаз и кожных покровов в том случае, if the calculus blocks the bile duct, thereby causing stagnation of bile in the liver.

Attack bile colic may last from several hours to several days.

Холелитиаз – Диагностика

The main methods of diagnosis:

• – сбор анамнеза;
• – лабораторные методы (general blood analysis);
• – УЗД – диагностика;
• – эндоскопическая ретроградная холангиопанкреатография желчных протоков (ERCP).

Холелитиаз – Виды заболевания

The composition of the stones can be of several types:

• – холестериновые;
• – пигментно-холестериновые;
• – холестериново-пигментно-известковые;
• – пигментные;
• – известковые.

In the international system conventionally distinguish two main types of lithogenesis in bilious ways:

• – первичный;
• – вторичный.

Primary cholesterol stones are the most common type of concrements, which are formed in patients and is more than 75-80 % all cases.

Causes of pigment concrements studied not enough, considered, they are formed as a result of the breach of pigment Exchange in various forms of hemolytic anemias.

Primary lime stones, are extremely rare and can occur only when hypercalcemia, related giperparatireozom.

Secondary characteristic calcification in more pigment and, to a lesser extent for holesterinovykh concrements, often, occurs in infected bilious ways.

Холелитиаз – Действия пациента

The patient requires medical assistance, because the disease can give many unwanted complications.

Cholelithiasis treatment

In the case of acute Biliary colic, be sure to consult your doctor for help. Symptomatic treatment is applied first, used analgesic drugs and muscle relaxers. In most cases, After removing the pain syndrome, need surgery.

Operational methods of treatment:

1. Cholecystectomy, fundamental method of treatment, in which the removal of the gall bladder. Its application may, only in the case of, when inflammatory or purulent-inflammatory processes develop in the gallbladder. Conduct minimally invasive endoscopic surgery method.

2. When, When the stones are localized in the bile ducts, removing them may endoscopic method (ERCP).

Other treatments:

• – Метод дистанционной ударно-волновой литотрипсии, allows you to split the stones are small in size;
• – Медикаментозное лечение, aimed at dissolving formed stones.
• When using the above methods in 50 % cases occur repeated formation of stones.

Холелитиаз – Осложнения

Possible complications of the disease:

• – холецистит, until empiema gall bladder;
• – желтуха;
• – поражение печени;
• – кишечная непроходимость;
• – панкреатит;
• – образование наружных и внутренних желчных свищей;
• – закупорка желчного протока;
• – разрыв желчного пузыря;
• – перитонит;
• – абсцесс брюшной полости;
• – в крайне редких случаях рак желчного пузыря.

Prevention of cholelithiasis

Cholelithiasis prevention recommended:

• – сбалансированное питание;
• – здоровый образ жизни;
• – употребление достаточного количества жидкости в расчете на килограмм веса;
• – нормализация веса;
• – своевременное и правильное лечение заболеваний ЖКТ и органов брюшины.