Hernia of abdominal cavity – treatment of disease. Symptoms and prevention of diseases of abdominal Hernia

Грыжа брюшной полости – что это за болезнь? Hernia of abdominal cavity (abdominal hernia) is a protrusion of abdominal organs, covered with peritoneum, through natural or acquired holes in the abdominal wall outward (under the skin) or inside brjushinnyh folds and pockets (internal hernia). Hernia of abdominal cavity are some of the most common surgical pathology in all age groups. The incidence of this disease is about 5 accidents 10 thousand people.

Грыжа брюшной полости – Причины возникновения

Cause of hernias of the abdominal cavity is the influence of increased intra-abdominal pressure (manufacturing factors) in the presence of the so-called "weaknesses" of the anterior abdominal wall (predisposing factors). Conducive factors of occurrence of abdominal hernias are:

• injury or trauma to the anterior abdominal wall (incl. Postoperative);
• congenital defects of the anterior abdominal wall;
• thinning and loss of elasticity of tissues (kaxeksija, aging);
• expansion of natural openings of the anterior abdominal wall (umbilical, femoral or inguinal rings);
• chronic periviscerity (characteristic of internal hernias);
• obesity;
• pregnancy.

Manufacturing factors (increase intra-abdominal pressure):

• excessive physical exertion (especially lifting goods);
• frequent sneezing or long cough (allergic diseases, smoker's cough, etc.);
• bloating and constipation;
• shortness of urination;
• significant increase in abdomen (ascites, abdominal obesity or pregnancy);
• heavy and prolonged childbirth.

Грыжа брюшной полости – Симптомы грыжи брюшной полости

The main clinical feature of external abdominal hernia is the protrusion of the three-dimensional, rounded or shhelevidnoe, vpravljaemoe or not. Typical localizations of external hernia are umbilical ring, the white line of the abdomen, inguinal region, femoral Canal, as well as post-surgical wounds or scars. Neoslozhnjonnye hernia, usually, painless.

Internal hernias differ anatomically from the exterior only lack of hernial SAC. Gryzhevym content is usually a seal or small intestine. The most characteristic symptoms of internal abdominal hernias are bouts of abdominal pain shvatkoobraznogo, stabbing, kolikopodobnogo nature, accompanied by a sensation of bloating and kupirujushhiesja (passing) After changing the position of the body. Besides, bloating may occur, constipation, nausea and vomiting, belching.

Грыжа брюшной полости – Диагностика

Usually, diagnosis of external hernia does not require special methods of investigation. Diagnosis is made on the basis of complaints, history of the disease and objective investigation of the surgeon. In some cases (including complex hernias) can be applied radiography and ultrasonography of the abdomen, gerniografia (x-ray study of the contents of the hernial SAC with contrast), as well as ULTRASOUND hernial contents. For the diagnosis of internal hernia of abdominal cavity used x-rays of the abdominal cavity organs with contrast barium suspension. Most often, however, internal hernia diagnosed intraoperatively (during the operation the cavernous) accidentally.

Грыжа брюшной полости – Классификация

On the basis of jetiologicheskomu hernia of abdominal cavity divided into congenital and acquired.

Depending on the location of the hernia of abdominal cavity can be external or internal. There are following kinds of external hernia:

• inguinal hernia (straight, oblique);
• femoral hernia;
• umbilical;
• epigastric;
• side;
• nadpuzyrnaja;
• hernia scar.

Internal hernias of the abdominal cavity may be:

• predbrjushinnye (nadchrevnaja, okolopuzyrnaja atypia, nadpuzyrnaja);
• vnutribruchinne (hernia Vinslova holes, bryzheechno-wall, chrezbryzheechno-obodocnaya hernia stuffing bags, hernia Douglas Pocket, hernia in your Pocket Crescent ligament of the liver, pereponchato-ropes, etc.);
• pozadibrjushinnye (Trejtca hernia, okoloslepokishechnaja, mezhsigmovidnaja, okoloobodochnaja, Ilio-fascial hernia);
• hernia in the field of pelvic peritoneum (in the pocket or hole broad ligament of the uterus);
• hernia of the diaphragm (supradiaphragmatic, poddiafragmal'naja, mixed).

Грыжа брюшной полости – Действия пациента

In case of occurrence of any symptoms of the disease, especially after heavy physical labour or other factors producing exposure, You should see a specialist for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Грыжа брюшной полости – Лечение грыжи брюшной полости

Conservative therapy of abdominal hernias (bandage) is only possible when the hernia in patients with uncomplicated high operational risk. Surgical treatment of external abdominal hernia is to conduct gerniotomii (dissection of the hernial SAC), vpravlenii hernial contents (in the absence of tissue necrosis) and needles herniorrhaphy with synthetic reinforcement meshes. When internal hernias are produced with laparotomy excision of hernial gate and repair of hernia Pocket. In the postoperative period we recommend that you follow the gentle treatment (limitation of physical activity and dietary food).

Грыжа брюшной полости – Осложнения

Abdominal hernia may complicate infringement of the contents of the hernial SAC with tissue necrosis, ileus, intestinal perforation and peritonitis.

Грыжа брюшной полости – Профилактика грыжи брюшной полости

Prevention is to maintain muscle tone of the anterior abdominal wall, moderate physical activity, rational nutrition and combat constipation.